KARA
Indo-European word "kara" denotes a "punishment" and in general "war" or an "army" (like Lithuanian "karas").
In Finnish word "karas, karahka". A lopped branch (semi-dry) spruce or coniferus branch tree, used as wooden whip to punish a bad behavior, but also word *karju 'breeding bull', 'breeding boar' and *karjua 'shout with a loud voice, roar, bray, yell ~ 'shout loudly, roar'.
The Celts were famous for their chariots and modern English words like "car", "carriage" and "carry" are ultimately derived from the native Brythonic language (Modern Welsh "cerbyd"). The word chariot itself is derived from the Norman French "charriote" and shares a Celtic root (Gaulish "karros"). All this denotes to the etymology of a car meaning simply "the vehicle of war". In Finnish language chariot is called kärry or in Old Finnish cärry.
In Norse mythology there was a Valkyrie named Kara.
KAR ----> Finnish: Kara - ("1. woden stick, 2. mandrel, a shaft or spindle in a lathe, to which work is fixed while being turned ---> a cylindrical rod around which metal or other material is forged or shaped. 3. Penis")
---> Estonian: kari ("herd, flock")
---> Finnish: karja ("cattle")
---> Votic: karja ("pasture")
Lithuanian: karas ("war")
Latvian: karš ("war")
Old Prussian: kargis (karjis) ("army, troops")
Old Prussian: karyago ("war path") ---> Koryos?
Old Persian: 𐎼𐎢 (kāra) ("people of war, army")
Belarusian: ка́ра (kára) ("punishment")
Russian: ка́ра (kára) ("punishment")
Ukrainian: ка́ра (kára) ("punishment")
Old Church Slavonic: кара (kara) ("punishment")
Serbo-Croatian: ка̑р, kar ("punishment")
Slovene: ка̑r ("punishment")
Czech: kára ("punishment")
Polish: kara ("punishment")
Slovak: kára ("punishment")
Kalasha-ala (Nuristani): kara ("blood vengeance")
Persian: کارزار (kārzār) ("field of battle, battle")
Sogdian: aksas-karkia ("fighting")
Sogdian: aksaskarii ("soldier")
Middle Persian: kārzār ("battle")
Parthian: kʾrwʾn (kārwān) ("army on the march, army")
Belarusian: кара́ць (karácʹ) ("to punish")
Old Russian: карати (karati) ("to punish")
Ukrainian: кара́ти (karáty) ("to punish")
Bulgarian: ка́рам (káram) ("to scold, to quarrel")
Macedonian: кара (kara) ("to scold")
Serbo-Croatian: ка́рати, kárati ("to scold, to punish")
Chakavian (Orbanići): se kārȁt ("to quarrel")
Slovene: kárati ("to scold; to nick")
Czech: kárat ("to scold, to reproach, to punish")
Polish: karać ("to punish, to reproach")
Slovak: kárať ("to reproach, to punish")
Slovincian: kãrăc ("to punish")
Lower Sorbian: karaś ("to whip, to punish")
Latin: carināre ("to use abusive language")
Lithuanian: káirinti ("to provoke")
Latvian: kaĩrinât, karinât ("to tease, to irritate")
Middle Breton: carez ("mistake, sin")
Cornish: cara ("mistake, sin")
Old Welsh: cared ("mistake, sin")
Middle Welsh: cared, karet ("mistake, sin")
Welsh: caredd ("mistake, sin")
Old Irish: caire ("mistake, sin")
Jatvingian: karo ("fight")
Hittite: ERINMEŠ ("army") (Sumerogram; Hittie "karaš" is some wrong linguistic forgery, literally meaning "wheat")
Ancient Greek
κάρη (kárē) — Homeric, Ionic
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *kárahə, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-(e)s-n- (“top of the head/skull”), from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn, top”).
Pronunciation
more ▼
IPA(key): /ká.raː/ → /ˈka.ra/ → /ˈka.ra/
Noun
κᾰ́ρᾱ • (kárā) n (genitive κᾰ́ρᾱτος); third declension
1) head, face
2) the head or top of anything, as of a mountain
3) person
Later authors have dative κάρᾳ (kárāi), accusative κάρᾱν (kárān).
See Finnish käreä (angry)
käheä (hoarse), karhea (rough), rämeä (hoarse), äreä (grumpy), kärttyinen (grumpy)
KAL-Kamviri (Nuristani): kala ("fight")
Finnish: Kala ("fish"). Finnish: kalaa, galaa ("shout, rant")
KOR----> Livonian: kōŗa ("herd, flock")
Ancient Greek: κοίρανος (koíranos) ("leader, commander")
Finnish: Kora ("misery, misfortune; lack of; a force that produces bad luck")
Finnish: Koira ("dog");
Finnish: koria, korea, korja ("beautiful, fit; colorful, bright, variegated; great, excellent; proud, finicky, picky")
Irish: coir ("mistake, sin")
Scottish Gaelic: coire ("mistake, sin")
Indo-European word "kara" denotes a "punishment" and in general "war" or an "army" (like Lithuanian "karas").
In Finnish word "karas, karahka". A lopped branch (semi-dry) spruce or coniferus branch tree, used as wooden whip to punish a bad behavior, but also word *karju 'breeding bull', 'breeding boar' and *karjua 'shout with a loud voice, roar, bray, yell ~ 'shout loudly, roar'.
The Celts were famous for their chariots and modern English words like "car", "carriage" and "carry" are ultimately derived from the native Brythonic language (Modern Welsh "cerbyd"). The word chariot itself is derived from the Norman French "charriote" and shares a Celtic root (Gaulish "karros"). All this denotes to the etymology of a car meaning simply "the vehicle of war". In Finnish language chariot is called kärry or in Old Finnish cärry.
In Norse mythology there was a Valkyrie named Kara.
KAR ----> Finnish: Kara - ("1. woden stick, 2. mandrel, a shaft or spindle in a lathe, to which work is fixed while being turned ---> a cylindrical rod around which metal or other material is forged or shaped. 3. Penis")
---> Estonian: kari ("herd, flock")
---> Finnish: karja ("cattle")
---> Votic: karja ("pasture")
Lithuanian: karas ("war")
Latvian: karš ("war")
Old Prussian: kargis (karjis) ("army, troops")
Old Prussian: karyago ("war path") ---> Koryos?
Old Persian: 𐎼𐎢 (kāra) ("people of war, army")
Belarusian: ка́ра (kára) ("punishment")
Russian: ка́ра (kára) ("punishment")
Ukrainian: ка́ра (kára) ("punishment")
Old Church Slavonic: кара (kara) ("punishment")
Serbo-Croatian: ка̑р, kar ("punishment")
Slovene: ка̑r ("punishment")
Czech: kára ("punishment")
Polish: kara ("punishment")
Slovak: kára ("punishment")
Kalasha-ala (Nuristani): kara ("blood vengeance")
Persian: کارزار (kārzār) ("field of battle, battle")
Sogdian: aksas-karkia ("fighting")
Sogdian: aksaskarii ("soldier")
Middle Persian: kārzār ("battle")
Parthian: kʾrwʾn (kārwān) ("army on the march, army")
Belarusian: кара́ць (karácʹ) ("to punish")
Old Russian: карати (karati) ("to punish")
Ukrainian: кара́ти (karáty) ("to punish")
Bulgarian: ка́рам (káram) ("to scold, to quarrel")
Macedonian: кара (kara) ("to scold")
Serbo-Croatian: ка́рати, kárati ("to scold, to punish")
Chakavian (Orbanići): se kārȁt ("to quarrel")
Slovene: kárati ("to scold; to nick")
Czech: kárat ("to scold, to reproach, to punish")
Polish: karać ("to punish, to reproach")
Slovak: kárať ("to reproach, to punish")
Slovincian: kãrăc ("to punish")
Lower Sorbian: karaś ("to whip, to punish")
Latin: carināre ("to use abusive language")
Lithuanian: káirinti ("to provoke")
Latvian: kaĩrinât, karinât ("to tease, to irritate")
Middle Breton: carez ("mistake, sin")
Cornish: cara ("mistake, sin")
Old Welsh: cared ("mistake, sin")
Middle Welsh: cared, karet ("mistake, sin")
Welsh: caredd ("mistake, sin")
Old Irish: caire ("mistake, sin")
Jatvingian: karo ("fight")
Hittite: ERINMEŠ ("army") (Sumerogram; Hittie "karaš" is some wrong linguistic forgery, literally meaning "wheat")
Ancient Greek
κάρη (kárē) — Homeric, Ionic
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *kárahə, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-(e)s-n- (“top of the head/skull”), from the root *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn, top”).
Pronunciation
more ▼
IPA(key): /ká.raː/ → /ˈka.ra/ → /ˈka.ra/
Noun
κᾰ́ρᾱ • (kárā) n (genitive κᾰ́ρᾱτος); third declension
1) head, face
2) the head or top of anything, as of a mountain
3) person
Later authors have dative κάρᾳ (kárāi), accusative κάρᾱν (kárān).
See Finnish käreä (angry)
käheä (hoarse), karhea (rough), rämeä (hoarse), äreä (grumpy), kärttyinen (grumpy)
KAL-Kamviri (Nuristani): kala ("fight")
Finnish: Kala ("fish"). Finnish: kalaa, galaa ("shout, rant")
KOR----> Livonian: kōŗa ("herd, flock")
Ancient Greek: κοίρανος (koíranos) ("leader, commander")
Finnish: Kora ("misery, misfortune; lack of; a force that produces bad luck")
Finnish: Koira ("dog");
Finnish: koria, korea, korja ("beautiful, fit; colorful, bright, variegated; great, excellent; proud, finicky, picky")
Irish: coir ("mistake, sin")
Scottish Gaelic: coire ("mistake, sin")
HAR - Vimose Comb (circa year 160, considered the oldest datable runic inscription): ᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨ (harja)
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis) ("army")
Derived term:
HER - Proto-Germanic *harjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“war”).
Old Norse: herr (genitive herjar)
Old English: here
Middle English: here, heere
Scots: here, heir, heyr
English: here
Old Frisian: here, hire
Saterland Frisian: Heer
West Frisian: hear
Old Saxon: heri
Middle Low German: hēre, hēr
Old Dutch: heri (in placenames)
Middle Dutch: here
Dutch: heer, heir
Old High German: heri
Middle High German: here, her
German: Heer
Old Norse: herr ("crowd, great number, army, troops")
Icelandic: her ("military, army")
Faroese: herur ("military, army")
Norwegian Bokmål: hær ("army")
Norwegian Nynorsk: her, hær ("army")
Old Swedish: hær ("army")
Swedish: här ("army")
Danish: hær ("army")
Westrobothnian: her ("army")
SER---> Hungarian: sereg ("legion")
--> Old Turkic: çerig
KU - Middle Irish: cuire ("army, troops")
Hittite (1260 BC): ku-ru-ri-ah-ta /kururiahta/ ("revolted"), kururiyahh ("make war, revolt")
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis) ("army")
- Vandalic: *haris ("army")
Derived term:
- einherjar (“dead warriors in Valhalla”)
HER - Proto-Germanic *harjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ker- (“war”).
Old Norse: herr (genitive herjar)
Old English: here
Middle English: here, heere
Scots: here, heir, heyr
English: here
Old Frisian: here, hire
Saterland Frisian: Heer
West Frisian: hear
Old Saxon: heri
Middle Low German: hēre, hēr
Old Dutch: heri (in placenames)
Middle Dutch: here
Dutch: heer, heir
Old High German: heri
Middle High German: here, her
German: Heer
Old Norse: herr ("crowd, great number, army, troops")
Icelandic: her ("military, army")
Faroese: herur ("military, army")
Norwegian Bokmål: hær ("army")
Norwegian Nynorsk: her, hær ("army")
Old Swedish: hær ("army")
Swedish: här ("army")
Danish: hær ("army")
Westrobothnian: her ("army")
SER---> Hungarian: sereg ("legion")
--> Old Turkic: çerig
KU - Middle Irish: cuire ("army, troops")
Hittite (1260 BC): ku-ru-ri-ah-ta /kururiahta/ ("revolted"), kururiyahh ("make war, revolt")
Harjawaldaz etymology
This comes from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“army”) + *waldaz (“ruler, authority”).
Finnish: Harjavalta ("City in Satakunta, Finland")
*Sata (hundred) *Kunta ("municipality")
Here is one example of proto-germanic language and translation in Finnish and English language.
"Harjawaldaz kuningaz, rīkaz, wīsaz jah hurskaz."
fin. Harjavalta-kuningas rikas, viisas ja hurskas.
eng. Harjavalta king, rich, wise and pious.
This comes from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“army”) + *waldaz (“ruler, authority”).
Finnish: Harjavalta ("City in Satakunta, Finland")
*Sata (hundred) *Kunta ("municipality")
Here is one example of proto-germanic language and translation in Finnish and English language.
"Harjawaldaz kuningaz, rīkaz, wīsaz jah hurskaz."
fin. Harjavalta-kuningas rikas, viisas ja hurskas.
eng. Harjavalta king, rich, wise and pious.
From Riches to Rag
"Three Finnish cities are mentioned by name in Tabula Rogeriana, one of which is Ragvalda. In his text, Al-Idrisi tells the distances between Ragwalda and the town of Sigtuna in Sweden and Hanila on the west coast of Estonia. In addition, he announces the journey from Ragvalda to the mouth of Mälaren.
In his more detailed description, al-Idrisi says that Ragvalda is a large and flourishing city located by the sea, belonging to the country of Tavasti. According to O. J. Tuulio, who studied the subject in the 1930s, the importance of Ragvalda as an international trading place was emphasized by the fact that the distances are indicated for foreign places instead of Finnish ones". Wikipedia
*Rag means ragged but also Bristly what translates in Finnish Harjakas (with harja (mane or comb).
Harii tribe of Harjavalta was known to be the most scared tribe in northern hemisphere, and known for their attacks at night and their heathens (hiidet), Ragnarök einherjar, berserkers of hari tribe.
Hiidet were known for their habits of riding in battle with mooses and hiisi's who were draged by moose as they were skiing after moose.
Welcome to my new blog: Etymology Lost - the trails of Finnish and Finno-ugric languages.
"Three Finnish cities are mentioned by name in Tabula Rogeriana, one of which is Ragvalda. In his text, Al-Idrisi tells the distances between Ragwalda and the town of Sigtuna in Sweden and Hanila on the west coast of Estonia. In addition, he announces the journey from Ragvalda to the mouth of Mälaren.
In his more detailed description, al-Idrisi says that Ragvalda is a large and flourishing city located by the sea, belonging to the country of Tavasti. According to O. J. Tuulio, who studied the subject in the 1930s, the importance of Ragvalda as an international trading place was emphasized by the fact that the distances are indicated for foreign places instead of Finnish ones". Wikipedia
*Rag means ragged but also Bristly what translates in Finnish Harjakas (with harja (mane or comb).
Harii tribe of Harjavalta was known to be the most scared tribe in northern hemisphere, and known for their attacks at night and their heathens (hiidet), Ragnarök einherjar, berserkers of hari tribe.
Hiidet were known for their habits of riding in battle with mooses and hiisi's who were draged by moose as they were skiing after moose.
Welcome to my new blog: Etymology Lost - the trails of Finnish and Finno-ugric languages.
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