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<channel><title><![CDATA[REHELLISET UUTISET - Etymology Lost]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost]]></link><description><![CDATA[Etymology Lost]]></description><pubDate>Thu, 17 Sep 2026 03:24:30 -0700</pubDate><generator>Weebly</generator><item><title><![CDATA[Dani, Danu ja Tanit - hypoteesit mahdollisesta dani/danes-nimityksen taustasta]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/dani-danu-ja-tanit-hypoteesit-mahdollisesta-danidanes-nimityksen-taustasta]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/dani-danu-ja-tanit-hypoteesit-mahdollisesta-danidanes-nimityksen-taustasta#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sat, 08 Aug 2026 07:48:55 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/dani-danu-ja-tanit-hypoteesit-mahdollisesta-danidanes-nimityksen-taustasta</guid><description><![CDATA[ Johdanto: Ongelmallinen kansannimiKun goottihistorioitsija Jordanes noin vuonna 551 jaa. mainitsi kansan nimelt&auml; Dani, h&auml;n ei selitt&auml;nyt nimen alkuper&auml;&auml;. Yli puolentoista tuhannen vuoden j&auml;lkeen emme tied&auml; sit&auml; varmasti viel&auml;k&auml;&auml;n.Dani-nimi (muinaisnorjaksi Danir, muinaisenglanniksi Dene, latinaksiDani) on yksi Euroopan vanhimmista jatkuvasti k&auml;ytetyist&auml; kansannimist&auml;, mutta sen etymologia on j&auml;&auml;nyt avoimeksi.Onko ni [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/516920032-10163326024057996-7253464920631305398-n_orig.jpg" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:1px;padding:3px; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><strong><font size="4">Johdanto: Ongelmallinen kansannimi</font></strong><br /><br />Kun goottihistorioitsija Jordanes noin vuonna 551 jaa. mainitsi kansan nimelt&auml; Dani, h&auml;n ei selitt&auml;nyt nimen alkuper&auml;&auml;. Yli puolentoista tuhannen vuoden j&auml;lkeen emme tied&auml; sit&auml; varmasti viel&auml;k&auml;&auml;n.<br /><br />Dani-nimi (muinaisnorjaksi Danir, muinaisenglanniksi Dene, latinaksi<br />Dani) on yksi Euroopan vanhimmista jatkuvasti k&auml;ytetyist&auml; kansannimist&auml;, mutta sen etymologia on j&auml;&auml;nyt avoimeksi.<br /><br />Onko nimen takana maa, vesi, jumalatar, ulkoinen<br />kauppakontakti, juutalainen merenk&auml;yntiheimo vai my&ouml;hempi eponyymi kuningas?<br /><br />T&auml;m&auml; teksti kartoittaa kysymyst&auml; kolmella tasolla, jotka on pidett&auml;v&auml; tiukasti erill&auml;&auml;n:<br /><br />(1) vahvimmin perusteltu germaaninen etymologia ja sen ongelmat,<br />(2) kiinnostavat kontaktihistorialliset vaihtoehdot kuten indoeurooppalainen vesijumalatar Danu ja<br />karthagolais-punilainen kontaktihypoteesi, ja<br />(3) my&ouml;h&auml;iset, pitk&auml;lti nimisamankaltaisuuteenperustuvat identiteettietymologiat kuten Israelin Danin heimo.<br /><br />Tarkoituksena on yhdist&auml;&auml; n&auml;m&auml; kerrokset yhdeksi kuvaksi siit&auml;, miten Dani-nimen ymp&auml;rille on historian saatossa<br />kerrostunut odottamattoman monipuolinen ja kiehtova kontaktien ja tulkintojen kentt&auml;.<br /><br /><strong><font size="3">I. Varmempi perusta: germaaninen Daniz ja Danmark</font></strong><br /><br />Useimmat etymologiset sanakirjat ja k&auml;sikirjat johtavat Dan-alkuosan sanasta, joka tarkoittaa<br />"tasankoa" tai "matalaa maata" - sukua saksan Tenne ("puiminta-alue") ja englannin den<br />("laakso, kolo") (Wikipedia: Etymology of Denmark; Etymonline: Dane).<br /><br />T&auml;m&auml;n tulkinnan mukaan Dani olisi alun perin tarkoittanut "matalan maan asukkaita" tai "tasangon v&auml;ke&auml;" - geografinen nimitys, joka kuvastaa v&auml;itetysti Etel&auml;-Jyllannin ja Schleswigin tasankomaisemaa. Ongelma syntyy kuitenkin tunnetussa geologiassa mik&auml; siirt&auml;&auml; geologian arvion v&auml;litt&ouml;m&auml;sti pois Tanskasta. Tanska oli meress&auml; viel&auml; 900-luvulla, joten alavaa maata on tuskin kynnetty.</div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/skandinavia-900_orig.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;">&#8203;<span>Toinen, hieman erilainen kielellinen linja palauttaa nimen rekonstruoituun</span><br /><span>protoindoeurooppaliseen juureen *d&#688;enh</span><span>&#8322;&nbsp;</span><span>-, joka tarkoittaa "laittaa liikkeelle</span><span>, virrata".<br /><br />T&auml;lt&auml;&nbsp;</span><span>juurelta johdetussa proto-germaanisessa muodossa *daniz on ehdotettu merkityst&auml; "juoksija"</span><br /><span>tai "virtaaja" (Wiktionary: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daniz; Wiktionary: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-</span><br /><span>European/d&#688;enh&#8322;-&nbsp;</span><span>).</span><br /><br /><span>On my&ouml;s mahdollista,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; molemmat selitykset ovat oikeassa rinnakkain:</span><br /><br /><span>"daniz" saattoi merkit&auml; sek&auml; "matalan maan" ett&auml; "virtaavan veden" kansaa, jos kyseess&auml; on</span><br /><span>vanha kaksoismerkitys. N</span><span>imen j&auml;lkimm&auml;inen osa, -mark, on selke&auml;mpi: se tarkoittaa "markkia", "markkina paikkaa", "rajamaata" tai "mets&auml;vy&ouml;hykett&auml;"&nbsp;</span><span>(vrt. Finnmark, Telemark, Dithmarschen).</span><br /><br /><span>Danm&#491;&#808;rk tarkoitti siis alun perin "danien rajamaata" -</span><span>&nbsp;nimitys, joka viittasi etel&auml;rajan mets&auml;alueeseen Eider- ja Schlei-jokien v&auml;liss&auml;, jossa sijaitsi&nbsp;</span><span>my&ouml;s kuuluisa Danevirke-puolustusvallitus (Wikipedia: Danes (tribe)).</span><br /></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/491650104-10162977098542996-9134829694602942493-n_orig.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;">Ensimm&auml;inen Tanskan alueelta l&ouml;ydetty kirjallinen maininta sanasta Danmark on Jelling-<br />kivist&auml;, jotka&nbsp;Harald Sinihammas (n. 955-965) pystytti is&auml;ns&auml;&nbsp;<span>Gorm Vanhan kunniaksi</span>. Suuremmalla<br />kivell&auml; lukee muinaispohjoisilla riimuilla&nbsp;<strong>tanmaurk</strong>&nbsp;("Danmark" v&auml;itetysti akkusatiivissa)&nbsp;kutsutaan nimell&auml;&nbsp;<strong>tani&nbsp;</strong>("daneja") (Wikipedia: Denmark)., sen asukkaita.<br /><br />T&auml;m&auml; germaaninen etymologia on tekstin yksi ankkuri. Se on parhaiten l&auml;hteistetty ja<br />kielitieteellisesti kest&auml;vin selitys, johon kaikki muut teoriat on suhteutettava. Mutta se ei sulje<br />pois vaihtoehtoja, p&auml;invastoin, juuri Dani-nimen monitulkintaisuus on avannut oven<br />lukuisille vaihtoehtoisille, joskus spekulatiivisille tulkinnoille, kuten t&auml;m&auml; omani:<br /><br /><br />&#8203;Jelling Stones on kaksi riimukive&auml;, jotka sijaitsevat kolmen tuhannen asukkaan kaupungissa Keski-Tanskassa.<br />N&auml;m&auml; kaksi erikokoista stelaa (yksi iso ja yksi pieni) pystytettiin noin 950 jKr. Jelling-dynastian suurten tekojen muistoksi, ilmeisesti Harald Bluetoothin k&auml;skyst&auml;.<br />N&auml;m&auml; kivet narratiivin mukaan kertovat kuinka Harald k&auml;&auml;nsi kansansa - tai ainakin osan heist&auml; kristinuskoon.<br />V&auml;itetysti t&auml;h&auml;n tapaan:<br />&#8203;<br />&#5820;&#5829;&#5809;&#5829;&#5850;&#5839;&#5809;&#5868;&#5812;&#5794;&#5822;&#5794;&#5812;&#5862;&#5868;&#5842;&#5829;&#5798;&#5868;&#5812;&#5829;&#5794;&#5809;&#5794;&#5829;<br />&#5812;&#5794;&#5842;&#5850;&#5868;&#5798;&#5829;&#5794;&#5835;&#5825;&#5868;&#5829;&#5792;&#5839;&#5868;&#5812;&#5794;&#5809;&#5848; &#5792;&#5829;&#5798;&#5794;&#5809; &#5835;&#5825;&#5822;<br />&#5829;&#5794;&#5812; &#5829;&#5792;&#5839;&#5868;&#5798;&#5800;&#5794;&#5809;&#5794;&#5825;&#5868;&#5848;&#5794;&#5798;&#5794;&#5809;&#5868;&#5835;&#5825;&#5822;&#5829;&#5868;&#5835;&#5829;<br />&#5820;&#5829;&#5809;&#5829;&#5850;&#5839;&#5809; &#5825;&#5829;&#5835;&#5868;&#5835;&lt;&#5800;&gt;&#5862;&#5867;&#5794;&#5829;&#5822;&#5867;&#5839;&#5829;&#5822;&#5848;&#5829;&#5794;&#5809;&#5812;<br />&#5829;&#5850;&#5829;&#5867;&#5829;&#5794;&#5812;&#5867;&#5822;&#5794;&#5809;&#5794;&#5825;&#5829;&#5812;<br />&#5867;&#5829;&#5794;&#5812;&#5867;&#5839;&#5829;&#5822;&#5825;&#5867;&lt;&#5812;&#5829;&#5809;&#5798;&#5825;&#5867;&gt;&#5812;&#5809;&#5825;&#5835;&#5839;&#5822;&#5800;<br /><br />Perkaus, purku se alkuper&auml;inen ett&auml; oma k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s:<br /><br />1 &#5820;&#5829;&#5809;&#5829;&#5850;&#5839;&#5809;&#5868;&#5812;&#5794;&#5822;&#5794;&#5812;&#5862;&#5868;&#5842;&#5829;&#5798;&#5868;&#5812;&#5829;&#5794;&#5809;&#5794;&#5829;<br />&bull; haraltr: kunuk&#640;: ba&thorn;: kaurua<br />&bull; "Kuningas Harald m&auml;&auml;r&auml;si"<br />&bull; Oma k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s: haraltriki: kunuk&#640;: vatar: ka urua, ( &#5794; = ura &amp; &#5809; symbolia k&auml;ytet&auml;&auml;n my&ouml;s kuninkaallisten nimien per&auml;ss&auml;, ja oma arvio on, ett&auml; *riki tai *rik). *Ka on etymologisesti jumalallinen sielu. k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s: Haraltriki kuningas, Is&auml;, jumalallinen sielu uraa tai auraa (tekee tiet&auml; tai auraa peltoja ja meri&auml;).<br />&#8203;<br />2 &#5812;&#5794;&#5842;&#5850;&#5868;&#5798;&#5829;&#5794;&#5835;&#5825;&#5868;&#5829;&#5792;&#5839;&#5868;&#5812;&#5794;&#5809;&#5848; &#5792;&#5829;&#5798;&#5794;&#5809; &#5835;&#5825;&#5822;<br />&bull; kubl: &thorn;ausi: aut: kurm fa&thorn;ur sin<br />&bull; "N&auml;m&auml; stelat Gormille h&auml;nen is&auml;lleen"<br />&bull; Oma k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s: kuwl: th&auml;usi: au-taivas: kurm sathur sin (Kuu t&auml;ysi, kulta taivas, Gorm saattaa sinua)<br /><br />3 &#5829;&#5794;&#5812; &#5829;&#5792;&#5839;&#5868;&#5798;&#5800;&#5794;&#5809;&#5794;&#5825;&#5868;&#5848;&#5794;&#5798;&#5794;&#5809;&#5868;&#5835;&#5825;&#5822;&#5829;&#5868;&#5835;&#5829;<br />&bull; auk per&auml;ss&auml;: &thorn;&#261;urui: mu&thorn;ur: sina: sa<br />&bull; "Ja t&auml;m&auml; h&auml;nen &auml;idilleen Thyralle"<br />&bull; Oma k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s: aukias taivas: th&#261;urui: muthur: sin&auml;: saa (Aukias taivas, h&auml;rk&auml; &auml;iti, sin&auml; saat)<br /><br />4 &#5820;&#5829;&#5809;&#5829;&#5850;&#5839;&#5809; &#5825;&#5829;&#5835;&#5868;&#5835; &lt;&#5800;&gt; &#5862;&#5867;&#5794;&#5829;&#5822;&#5867;&#5839;&#5829;&#5822;&#5848;&#5829;&#5794;&#5809;&#5812;<br />&bull; haraltr ias: s &lt;&#261;&gt; &#640; uan tanmaurk<br />&bull; "Harald valloitti Tanskan"<br />&bull; Oma k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s: haralt rias: auringolle (&#5835; =sowilo = aurinko ja S) (&lt;&#5800;&gt; on monimerkityksinen, mutta yksi niist&auml; on tammi ja suluissa oletan tarkoittaneen Tammea, jumalan puuta) eli yhdistyneen&auml; Tamme&#640; (piste on my&ouml;s x 2 sama kirjain, perus kertomerkki) ruan taivaanmaurk. (Haralt riias auringolle, tammer ruuan taivaanmarkki)<br /><br />5 &#5829;&#5850;&#5829;&#5867;&#5829;&#5794;&#5812;&#5867;&#5822;&#5794;&#5809;&#5794;&#5825;&#5829;&#5812;<br />&bull; ala auk nuruiak<br />&bull; "Koko ja Norja"<br />&bull; Oma k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s: Alaa aukoo nuruiak (nuruiak oli v&auml;itetysti pohjoisen tien nimi, josta p&auml;&auml;si pohjois-Norjaan. Mutta on ainoa maininta tuolla nimell&auml; *Nor&thorn;weg sanasta. Itse n&auml;en nuruiak sanan &rdquo;nyt Ruijaan tai uusi Ruija&rdquo; merkitykselt&auml;&auml;n, joka periaatteessa samaa tarkoittava: kveenien finnmark. Merkitys: &rdquo;Alaa auki uusi Ruija (uusi-suomi)&rdquo;.<br />&#8203;<br />6 &#5867;&#5829;&#5794;&#5812;&#5867;&#5839;&#5829;&#5822;&#5825;&#5867; &lt;&#5812;&#5829;&#5809;&#5798;&#5825;&#5867;&gt; &#5812;&#5809;&#5825;&#5835;&#5839;&#5822;&#5800;<br />&bull; Auk tani &lt;kar&thorn;i&gt; kristn&#261;<br />&bull; Ja teki tanskalaisista kristittyj&auml;. "<br />&bull; Oma k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s: Auk tani &lt;karthi&gt; kristn&#261; (Auki Tani (Tanska), karttoi Kristus). Selitys symboli &#5822; on *Naudiz tai *Nau&eth;r ja &eth; on -tar eli suomeksi Nautar eli nauta, joka pystyi olla siis U, kuten nautael&auml;imen sarvet ja pyh&auml; matriarkaalisessa kulttuurissa.<br /><br />Narratiivi k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s:<br />&#8203;<br />"Kuningas Harald m&auml;&auml;r&auml;si<br />N&auml;m&auml; stelat Gormille h&auml;nen is&auml;lleen<br />Ja t&auml;m&auml; h&auml;nen &auml;idilleen Thyralle<br />Harald valloitti Tanskan<br />kokonaan ja Norjan<br />ja teki tanskalaisista kristittyj&auml;."<br />Oma k&auml;&auml;nn&ouml;s tai nykysuomennos:<br />Kuningas Haraltriki, Is&auml;, jumalallinen sielu tekee tiet&auml;.<br />T&auml;ysikuu, kulta taivas, Kurm saattaa sinua.<br />Aukias taivas, h&auml;rk&auml; &auml;iti, sin&auml; saat.<br />Haralt riias auringolle, tammer ruuan taivaanmarkki<br />Alaa auki, uusi Ruija (uusi-suomi).<br />Auki Tani (Tanska), karttoi Kristus.</div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/gorm_orig.jpg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;">Adam Bremenil&auml;inen kertoo yll&auml; olevassa kuvakaappauksessa arkkipiispa Unnin matkasta Tanskaan vuonna 936.<br /><br />H&auml;n kuvailee tuolloin hallinnutta kuningas <strong>Hardecnudth Gormia</strong> seuraavasti: H&auml;nen aikanaan unkarilaiset h&auml;vittiv&auml;t paitsi Saksin ja muut Rein-joen t&auml;lt&auml; puolen olevat maakunnat, my&ouml;s Reinin tuolla puolen olevan Lothringenin ja Frankkien maan. My&ouml;s tanskalaiset ry&ouml;stiv&auml;t slaavien avustuksella ensin Elben pohjoispuolisen Saksiin, sitten Elben t&auml;ll&auml; puolen olevat alueet ja saivat koko Saksan kauhun valtaan. Tanskalaisia hallitsi tuolloin Hardecnudth Gorm&sup2;), joka oli &ndash; sanon sen suoraan &ndash; hyvin verinen lohik&auml;&auml;rme ja kristittyj&auml; ihmisi&auml; vastaan suuresti vihamielinen. H&auml;n karkotti, pyrkiess&auml;&auml;n t&auml;ysin tuhoamaan kristinuskon Tanskassa, kaikki Jumalan papit maastaan ja antoi my&ouml;s hyvin monien tulla surmatuksi kidutuksen kautta.&nbsp;<br />&sup2;) My&ouml;s nimell&auml; Gorm vanha tunnettu<br /><br />Aikalaisl&auml;hde antaa hieman toisenlaisen kuvan Gorm vanhasta, mit&auml; Jellingin riimukivi v&auml;itt&auml;&auml;? Laitan viel&auml; toisen kuvakaappauksen <span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Kemp, John teoksesta:&nbsp;</span><em style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">The World in the Middle Ages: An Historical Geography...</em>:<br />&#8203;</div>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a href='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Cornell_University_Library_digitization_%28IA_cu31924027796014%29.pdf' target='_blank'><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/editor/493542988-10162976512142996-3753595933180321655-n.jpg?1786191005" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><strong>" He eiv&auml;t koskaan lakanneet taistelemasta kasaarien kanssa. Vuonna 852 he solmivat sopimuksen merirosvomaisia tanskalaisia vastaan, jotka olivat jatkuvasti hy&ouml;k&auml;nneet heid&auml;n kimppuunsa.</strong><br /><br />N&auml;iden&nbsp;<strong>Russniak-kaupunginrakentajien</strong>&nbsp;johdossa Rurik ja h&auml;nen viikinkiveljens&auml;&nbsp;<strong>Sineus ja Truvor</strong>, yhdess&auml; Tanskan prinssi&nbsp;<strong>Gormin</strong>&nbsp;kanssa, laajensivat Russniakien vallan l&auml;nness&auml;&nbsp;<strong>Dunajoelle</strong>&nbsp;ja id&auml;ss&auml;&nbsp;<strong>Volgalle</strong>&nbsp;saakka sek&auml; tekiv&auml;t&nbsp;<strong>Kiovasta p&auml;&auml;kaupunkinsa</strong>.<br />Tanskalaiset vahvistivat valtaansa jatkuvalla lis&auml;yksell&auml; Ruotsin, Norjan ja Tanskan viikinkilinnakkeista, kunnes Rurik ja h&auml;nen j&auml;lkel&auml;isens&auml; olivat painaneet itsens&auml; niin l&auml;htem&auml;tt&ouml;m&auml;sti Ven&auml;j&auml;&auml;n, ett&auml; he saattoivat omaksua&nbsp;<strong>ven&auml;j&auml;n kielen ja tavat</strong>&nbsp;ja perustivat Ven&auml;j&auml;n hallitsijasuvun.<br />&#8203;<br />Ja samaan aikaan kasaarit olivat muuttuneet&nbsp;<strong>paimentolaisista maanviljelij&ouml;iksi ja kauppiaiksi</strong>.<br /><strong>Nykyisen Ven&auml;j&auml;n synty oli alkamassa."</strong></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;">My&ouml;h&auml;isempi, historiallisista ajoista kaukainen Skandinavinen saaga-kirjallisuus on juuri sit&auml; satuilua ja kansallisen identiteetin rakentelua mielenkiintoisesta aikakaudesta, jolla kansat saivat hienon historian jonkun toisen kustannuksella. Otan silti otteen&nbsp;Orkneyinga sagan johdanto-osasta Fundinn Noregr, sama toistuu useammassa sagassa, kuten&nbsp;Hversu Noregr bygg&eth;ist, joka esiintyy&nbsp;my&ouml;s nimell&auml; Fr&aacute; Fornj&oacute;ti ok hans &aelig;ttm&ouml;nnum. sek&auml;&nbsp;islantilaisesta Flateyjarb&oacute;k-k&auml;sikirjoituksessa:<br /><br /><strong><em>"Fornj&oacute;tr oli er&auml;&auml;n kuninkaan nimi. H&auml;n hallitsi Gotlandia (k&auml;sikirjoituksen jossain toisinnoissa: J&oacute;tlandia), jota kutsutaan nyky&auml;&auml;n Finnlandiksi ja Kvenlandiksi. Se sijaitsee it&auml;&auml;n siit&auml; merenlahdesta, joka ulottuu Gandv&iacute;ki&auml; vasten; sit&auml; me kutsumme Helsingjabotniksi. "</em></strong><br /><br /><strong><em>J&oacute;tland k&auml;&auml;nnet&auml;&auml;n yleisesti Jutland, joka siis Tanska. Maa, joka oli tapahtumien aikakaudella merenpohjaa.</em></strong><br /></div>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/editor/n-ytt-kuva-2026-08-08-kello-12-55-20.png?1786183012" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption">Jokijumalatar Danusta ei juurikaan l&ouml;ydy muinaisia kuvauksia, koska jokia ja niiden virtauksia pidettiin Danuna. Mutta Keltit antoivat Danulle symbolin, joka on Triskele, koska yhdistyi aina solmuihin ja virtausliikkeeseen.</span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><br /><span><strong><font size="3">&#8203;II. Vesi ja Danu: indoeurooppalainen jokijumalatar</font></strong></span><br /><br /><span>Jos "daniz" todellakin liittyy P</span><span>IE-juureen *d&#688;enh</span><span>&#8322;&nbsp;</span><span>- ("virrata")</span><span>, avautuu n&auml;kyviin laajempi</span><br /><span>indoeurooppalainen nimikentt&auml;, joka kietoo Dani-nimen osaksi muinaista vesist&ouml;- ja</span><br /><span>jumalatartarinointia.</span><br /><br /><span><strong>Danu-jokijumalatar</strong></span><br /><br /><span>Rekonstruoitu protoindoeurooppalainen sana *d&eacute;h</span><span>&#8322;</span><span>nu ("jokijumalatar" tai yksinkertaisesti</span><span>"joki") on j&auml;tt&auml;nyt syv&auml;t j&auml;ljet indoeurooppalaisten kansojen mytologiaan ja paikannimist&ouml;&ouml;n (</span><span>Wikipedia: Danu (Indo-European)):</span><br /><br /><span><strong>Veda-traditiossa</strong><br /><br />D&#257;nu on alkujumalatar, vedet ja luonnonvoimat ruumiillistava hahmo,</span><br /><span>jota vastaan Indra taistelee.</span><br /><br /><span>D&#257;nu on V&#7771;tran &auml;iti, ja d&#257;navat ovat jumalten vastustajia</span><br /><span>(Wikipedia: Danu (Irish goddess); Vedanet).</span><br /><br /><span><strong>Irlantilaisessa mytologiassa</strong><br /><br />Danu (tai Danann) on Tuatha D&eacute; Danannin - "Danun&nbsp;</span><span>jumalattaren kansan" - eponyymi &auml;itijumalatar. H&auml;nen nimens&auml; on kuitenkin&nbsp;</span><span>rekonstruktio: keskiaikaisissa teksteiss&auml; esiintyy vain genetiivi Danann, ja jopa Danun&nbsp;</span><span>olemassaolo erillisen&auml; jumalattarena on kiistelty&auml; (Wikipedia: Danu (Irish goddess)).</span><br /><br /><span>Walesilaisessa perinteess&auml; vastaava hahmo on D&ocirc;n, joka niin ik&auml;&auml;n on jumalten &auml;iti.&nbsp;</span><span>Skythialaisessa perinteess&auml; sana d&#257;nu tarkoittaa yksinkertaisesti "jokea" (Wiktionary:&nbsp;</span><span>Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/d&aacute;Hnu).</span><br /><br /><span><strong>Jokien nimet</strong></span><br /><br /><span>T&auml;st&auml; juuresta ovat saaneet nimens&auml; monet Euroopan suuret joet: Don, Dnepr, Dnestr, Donets ja</span><br /><span>Tonava (lat.&nbsp;</span><span>Danuvius, mahdollisesti kelttil&auml;isen D&#257;nuvio- kautta, vaikka skythialainen&nbsp;</span><span>lainasana on my&ouml;s mahdollinen) (Wikipedia: Danube; Mary Jones: Danube</span><span>). N&auml;m&auml; joet noudattavat&nbsp;</span><span>kaavaa: d&#257;nu + m&auml;&auml;rite.</span><br /><br /><span>esimerkiksi D&#257;nu-apara ("ylempi joki") &rarr; Dnepr, D&#257;nu-nazdya ("alempi&nbsp;</span><span>joki") &rarr; Dnestr (Protosanskrit blog).</span><br /><br /><span>Voisiko Dani kuulua t&auml;h&auml;n kentt&auml;&auml;n?</span><br /><br /><span>T&auml;m&auml; on tekstin kiehtovin &auml;&auml;nteellinen kysymys. Jos "daniz" palautuu P</span><span>IE *d&#688;enh&nbsp;</span><span>-, silloin</span><span>&#8322;&nbsp;</span><span>"Dani" voisi periaatteessa merkit&auml; "joen kansaa" tai "vesireitin v&auml;ke&auml;" - nimitys, joka sopisi&nbsp;</span><span>erinomaisesti Tanskan saaristo- ja salmimaiseen maantieteeseen, joka oli olemassa 900-luvulla. Tanskan salmet ja B</span><span>eltsit,&nbsp;</span><span>jotka yhdist&auml;v&auml;t It&auml;meren Pohjanmereen, ovat nimenomaan sellaisia "virtaavia vesireittej&auml;", j</span><span>otka olisivat voineet antaa alueelle sen nimen.</span><br /><br /><span>Er&auml;&auml;t ep&auml;akateemiset l&auml;hteet (esim. dandebat.dk ja Brons och blod -blogi) ovatkin ehdottaneet,</span><br /><span>Dani liittyisi t&auml;h&auml;n "d&#257;nu/joki"-perinteeseen - ehk&auml;p&auml; juuri siksi,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; Tanskan kolme salmea</span><br /><span>(B</span><span>eltsit) muodostivat muinaisille merenkulkijoille tunnetun "suunnan" tai "virran". Sama&nbsp;</span><span>logiikka on sovellettu muuallakin: Plinius ja Mela mainitsevat nimell&auml; Codanus tunnetun&nbsp;</span><span>lahdensuun tai suiston, joka on saatettu ymm&auml;rt&auml;&auml; joen tai suiston nimell&auml; muinaisessa&nbsp;</span><span>indoeurooppalaisessa kieleess&auml; (dandebat.dk).&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span>Toisaalta on t&auml;rke&auml;&auml; olla varovainen: indoeurooppalaisen Danu-jokijumalattaren olemassaolo</span><br /><span>protoperiodisessa uskonnossa on ep&auml;varmaa. Mallory ja Adams huomauttavat,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; vaikka</span><br /><span>leksikaalinen vastine on todenn&auml;k&ouml;inen, "ei ole todisteita erityisest&auml; jokijumalattaresta P</span><span>IE-&nbsp;</span><span>uskonnossa muuta kuin 'joen' k&auml;sitteen personifikaatio indialaisessa traditiossa" (Wikipedia:&nbsp;</span><span>Danu (Indo-European)). T&auml;m&auml; tarkoittaa,</span><br /><span>ett&auml; vaikka Dani olisi &auml;&auml;nteellisesti yhteydess&auml; *d&#688;enh</span><span>- -</span><span>&#8322;&nbsp;</span><span>juureen, se ei v&auml;ltt&auml;m&auml;tt&auml; viittaa jumalattareen vaan yksinkertaisesti maantieteelliseen&nbsp;</span><span>"virtaavaan" tai "matalaan maahan".</span><br /><br /><br /></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/518315861-10163342164217996-6482165138735799293-n_orig.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption">Taara palvottiin Tammilehdoissa, kuten Kelttien Taraa.</span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><strong><font size="3">Danu,&nbsp;Irlannin jokijumalatar&nbsp;ja jumalten kanta&auml;iti<strong>&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Tuatha D&eacute; Danann - irlantilainen rinnakkaistapaus</strong></font></strong><br /><br /><span>&#8203;Danu on yksi kelttil&auml;isen mytologian arvoituksellisimmista hahmoista, ja ironista kyll&auml;, juuri se mik&auml; tekee h&auml;nest&auml; niin kiehtovan on my&ouml;s se mik&auml; saa akateemisen valtavirran kiemurtelemaan ep&auml;mukavuusalueellaan.</span><br /><br /><span>Danu (lausutaan [&#712;d&#810;anu]) on rekonstruoitu nimitys jumalattarelle, jonka ainoa suora todiste irlantilaisissa l&auml;hteiss&auml; on kansan nimi Tuatha D&eacute; Danann, "jumalatar Danun kansa". T&auml;ss&auml;p&auml; se juju: Danusta itsest&auml;&auml;n ei ole s&auml;ilynyt yht&auml;k&auml;&auml;n myytti&auml; eik&auml; h&auml;nt&auml; mainita nimelt&auml; yhdess&auml;k&auml;&auml;n keskiaikaisessa irlantilaisessa tekstiss&auml;. Nimi Danu on modernien tutkijoiden rekonstruktio genetiivimuodosta Danann (tai Donand).</span><br /><br /><span>T&auml;m&auml; kertoo paljon. Kun jumalatar on niin muinainen ettei h&auml;nest&auml; ole j&auml;&auml;nyt edes tarinoita, vain kansan v&auml;itetty nimi, ollaan tekemisiss&auml; esi-kelttil&auml;isen, mahdollisesti neoliittisen jumaluuden kanssa, joka on imeytynyt my&ouml;hemp&auml;&auml;n mytologiaan.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span>Kelttien alkukoti sijaitsi nykyisen It&auml;vallan suola-alueilla (Hallstattin kulttuuri, n. 1200 eaa.), ja Tonava oli heid&auml;n valtasuonensa, kirjaimellisesti. Danu oli jokijumalatar, el&auml;m&auml;n ja hedelm&auml;llisyyden l&auml;hde, jonka kultti kulkeutui kelttien mukana Irlantiin asti.&nbsp;</span><span>Hallstattin kulttuuri on kiinnostava, koska sen geneettiset mtDNA linjat osuvat 100% Suomen rautakautisiin kalmistoihin ja nykysuomalaisiin &auml;iteihin ja suolakauppa on yhdistetty juuri naisiin viel&auml; viikinkiajalla.</span><br /><br /><span>Danaan nimitys, josta on p&auml;&auml;telty nimi Dana yleisimm&auml;t muodot esiintyv&auml;t&nbsp;</span><span>Irlannissa&nbsp;</span><span>muodossa: Anu / Annu / Annun/ Ana / Anann.&nbsp;Mahdollisesti sama jumalatar; Paps of Anu -kukkulat Kerryn kreivikunnassa kantavat h&auml;nen nime&auml;&auml;n.&nbsp;</span><br /><br /><span>Muut "Danuun" yhdistetyt nimikkeet ja jumaluudet:</span><br /><span>&#8203;</span><br /><span>1) D&ocirc;n, Walesissa (Mabinogion), joka vastine Danulle; D&ocirc;nin lapsiin kuuluu Gofannon-sepp&auml;.</span><br /><br /><span>2) Morr&iacute;gan, Irlannissa, joka joidenkin tutkijoiden mukaan on Morr&iacute;ganin epitetti</span><span>&nbsp;Anulle.</span><br /><br /><span>3) Bil&eacute; mainitaan Danun puolisona (kuoleman jumala), jjonka voi yhdist&auml;&auml; Vodinin veljeen Vili /Vile</span><br /><br /><span>4) Dagda (hyv&auml; jumala)</span><br /><br /><span>5)&nbsp;Ogma h&auml;nen poikinaan,</span><br /><span>mutta n&auml;m&auml;kin ovat my&ouml;h&auml;isi&auml; tulkintoja, eiv&auml;t alkuper&auml;isl&auml;hteist&auml;.</span><br /><br /><br /><span>Erityisen kiinnostavaa onkin irlantilainen Tuatha D&eacute; Danann -perinne</span><span>, jossa jumalat ovat siis saaneet&nbsp;</span><span>nimens&auml; v&auml;itetylt&auml; jokijumalatar Danulta. T&auml;m&auml; n&auml;ytt&auml;&auml; tallentaneen saman muinaisen nimik&auml;yt&auml;nn&ouml;n:</span><br /><span>joki &rarr; jumalatar &rarr; kansan eponyymi "Anun kansa".<br /><br />Tuatha D&eacute; Danann Taran kukkula, Taran palvontapaikka ja paikka, miss&auml; Kuninkaiden Kuningas valittiin. Paikka on vallitettu py&ouml;re&auml;ksi kuten suomalais-ugrilaisten Ringit (Avar, Magyar, Hunni, Kievan Rus').</span><br /><br /><span>Onko Dani-nimess&auml; samanlainen rakenne: joki/vesireitti&nbsp;</span><span>&rarr; (mahdollinen jumalatar) &rarr; kansannimi? T&auml;m&auml; j&auml;&auml; spekulaatioksi, mutta se antaa esiin&nbsp;</span><span>mielenkiintoisen rakenteellisen rinnastuksen.&nbsp;</span><span>Kuitenkin on syyt&auml; korostaa,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; t&auml;m&auml; tulkinta ei vaadi olettamaan,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; iiril&auml;inen Danu-&nbsp;</span><span>jumalatar olisi siirtynyt Tanskaan. Pikemminkin molemmat nimet voisivat palautua yhteiseen,&nbsp;</span><span>eritt&auml;in vanhaan indoeurooppalaiseen vesist&ouml;&ouml;n liittyv&auml;&auml;n nimist&ouml;&ouml;n, joka on j&auml;tt&auml;nyt j&auml;lki&auml; eri&nbsp;</span><span>puolille Eurooppaa.&nbsp;</span><span>Dani ei silloin olisi "Danun jumalattaren kansa" vaan pikemminkin&nbsp;</span><span>"joen/virran kansa", ja Danu-jumalatar olisi erillinen mytologinen kehitys samasta juuresta.</span><br /><br /><br /><span>&#8203;</span><strong><font size="3">III. Tanit ja punilainen pohjoishypoteesi</font></strong></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/n-ytt-kuva-2026-08-08-kello-12-25-54_orig.png" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;">&#8203;<br /><br />Edellisess&auml; osassa tarkasteltu Danu-linja on indoeurooppalainen ja perustuu kielelliseen&nbsp;sis&auml;iseen rekonstruktioon. Mutta Dani-nimen ymp&auml;rill&auml; on my&ouml;s toinen, paljon radikaalimpi ja&nbsp;kiistellympi teoriakerros, joka vie balttilaiselta alueelta aina V&auml;limerelle ja Karthagoon asti:<br /><br />teoria siit&auml;,&nbsp;ett&auml; punilais-karthagolaiset kauppiaat olisivat olleet fyysisesti l&auml;sn&auml; Pohjolassa ja&nbsp;j&auml;tt&auml;neet j&auml;lkens&auml; germaaniseen kieleen ja kulttuuriin.<br /><br /><strong>Tanit - Karthagon p&auml;&auml;jumalatar</strong><br /><br />Tanit (punilaiseksi TNT, mahdollisesti lausuttu T&#299;nnit) oli Karthagon p&auml;&auml;jumalatar, Baal Hammonin puoliso ja kaupungin suojelija. H&auml;nen nimens&auml; alkuper&auml; on h&auml;m&auml;r&auml;, jolle ei ole yksimielist&auml; etymologiaa. T&auml;rkeimm&auml;t ehdotetut selitykset ovat:<br /><br />Semittinen juuri tny "valittaa, surra": Edward Lipi&#324;ski ehdotti, ett&auml; Tanit merkitsee "H&auml;n joka itkee<br />Baalin edess&auml;", rinnastaen h&auml;net Venus lugens -perinteeseen, sureva rakkauden jumalatar, jonka kultti liittyy kuolevaan ja her&auml;&auml;v&auml;&auml;n jumalaan (kuten Adonis) (ASWM 2026).</div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/finnit_orig.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><span>Tanit tai Tinnit (puuni:&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(8, 8, 9)">&#67861;&#67853;&#67861;</span><span>&nbsp;&auml;&auml;nt&auml;minen) tarkoittaa *</span><span>Valkoinen (Thinith) ja kreikka: &Theta;&epsilon;&nu;&nu;&epsilon;&iota;&theta; (Thenneith huom. *Fin*Neith - Suomineito).</span><br /><span>&#8203;</span><br /><span>Jos ensimm&auml;inen kirjain on Fita (&#1138; &#1139;; kursivoitu: &#1138; &#1139;). Tinnit oli itse asiassa kirjoitusasultaa Finnit, joka Irlannissa tarkoitti my&ouml;s valkoista.</span><br /><br /><span>Finnit ei ollut ehk&auml; ollutkaan jumalatar,vaan ne jotka h&auml;neen uskoivat, kansat. Jumalatar oli *Fin*Neith, joka esiintyy my&ouml;s Esther/Asherah/Ishtar jne.</span><br /><br /><span>Tannin &nbsp;"k&auml;&auml;rmeen em&auml;,&nbsp;</span><span>draakon em&auml;nt&auml;": F.M. Cross ehdotti,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; Tanit alkoi&nbsp;</span><span>kanaanilaisena epiteettin&auml;, joka viittaa Tannin-nimiseen merihirvi&ouml;&ouml;n, ja olisi alun perin&nbsp;</span><span>ollut Asheran epiteetti ennen itsen&auml;istymist&auml;&auml;n (Wikipedia: Tanit; ASWM).<br />B</span><span>erberil&auml;inen rakenne: Tanitin ja Baal Hammonin nimiss&auml; on havaittavissa berberikielten&nbsp;</span><span>(Tamazight) morfologista rakennetta monien berberil&auml;isten naisten nimien alku- ja&nbsp;</span><span>loppuosana on t ja n (Wikipedia: Tanit).</span><br /><br /><span>Egyptil&auml;inen "Ta-Neith": Vanhempi teoria yhdisti Tanitin egyptil&auml;iseen Neith-</span><br /><span>jumalattareen ("Neithin maa"), joka osuu ja uppoaa j&auml;lleen Fin*Neith, mutta t&auml;m&auml; "Ta-Neith" on nyky&auml;&auml;n kyseenalainen ja perustuu l&auml;hinn&auml;&nbsp;</span><span>&auml;&auml;nteelliseen samankaltaisuuteen (AncientEgyptian), tai n&auml;in ainakin v&auml;itet&auml;&auml;n.</span><br /><br /><span>Nykyinen tutkimuskonsensus on,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; Tanitin nimi on "pime&auml;" (opaque</span><span>), &nbsp;ei selity puhtaasti&nbsp;</span><span>tunnetuista semittisist&auml; juurista (Qart-Hadasht).</span><br /><br /><br /><span><strong>Vennemannin ja Mailhammerin "Carthaginian North"&nbsp;</strong></span><br /><br /><span>Saksalainen kielitieteilij&auml; Theo Vennemann (M&uuml;nchenin yliopisto) ja australialainen Robert&nbsp;</span><span>Mailhammer (Western Sydney University) ovat kehitt&auml;neet radikaalin teorian, jonka mukaan&nbsp;</span><span>karthagolaiset (punic-kieliset) kauppiaat perustivat kauppa-asemia Pohjois-Saksan, Jyllannin ja&nbsp;</span><span>mahdollisesti Etel&auml;-Ruotsin rannikoille noin 500&ndash;200 eaa, mahdollisesti Himilkon retken&nbsp;</span><span>yhteydess&auml;. Teorian mukaan Punikki-kieli olisi toiminut superstraattina protogermaania</span><br /><span>muokkaavassa kielellisess&auml; kontaktissa, joka kesti yli 300 vuotta (Mailhammer &amp; Vennemann 2019:&nbsp;</span><span>The Carthaginian North; Western Sydney University).</span><br /><br /><span>Teorian keskeisi&auml; todistekappaleita ovat:</span><br /><br /><span>1.&nbsp;</span><span>Leksikaaliset lainat:<br /><br />Mailhammer ja Vennemann v&auml;itt&auml;v&auml;t,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; yli 50 % protogermaanisen&nbsp;</span><span>sanaston ilman hyv&auml;ksytty&auml; indoeurooppaista etymologiaa olevista sanoista voisi selitty&auml;&nbsp;</span><span>punilaisista lainoista. Esimerkkej&auml; ovat shilling &larr; shekel, penny &larr; punilainen pan&#275; ("kasvo",&nbsp;</span><span>koska Tanitin kasvot olivat kolikoiden kuvio)</span><span>, plough &larr; punilainen juuri "jakaa", ja sibjo</span><br /><span>("suku, klaani") (Language Hat; The Carthaginian North, luku 4).</span><br /><br /><span>2. Runokirjoituksen alkuper&auml;: Vennemann argumentoi,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; germaaninen futhark johtuisi </span><span>suoraan foinikialais-puunilaisesta kirjoitustavasta ilman kreikkalaista,&nbsp;</span><span>etruskilaista tai&nbsp;</span><span>latinalaista v&auml;lik&auml;sitt&auml;. H&auml;n viittaa muun muassa siihen,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; vanhimmat riimukirjoitukset&nbsp;keskittyv&auml;t Tanskaan, mit&auml; perinteiset teoriat eiv&auml;t selit&auml; (The Carthaginian North, luku 7). Eik&auml; selit&auml; geologia sen kummemmin, ellei aluetta ole asuttanut vesist&ouml;jen p&auml;&auml;ll&auml; asustanut ruuhilla kulkenut paaluasuttaja kulttuurit, kuten </span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Zhizhitsa ja</span><span>&nbsp;</span>Serteya v&auml;in&auml;joella (Smolensk l&auml;heisyydess&auml;), josta Euroopan vanhin N1c haploryhm&auml; n&auml;yte, Serteya II, oletettavasti 3. vuosituhannen puoliv&auml;list&auml; eKr., ei radiohiilidataa (Yll&auml;tys)<br />&#8203;s. 287-294. Taulukko s. 294. // J&auml;rviasutusten arkeologia IV-II vuosituhannella eKr. esim.: kulttuurien kronologia ja luonnon-ilmastorytmit. - Pietari: Periphery LLC, 2014<br /><br />Kulttuurit rakensivat suo-ja j&auml;rvialueille talonsa hirsipylv&auml;iden varaan. T&auml;m&auml; kulttuuri tunnetaan my&ouml;s Arkangelin alueelta vienajoen varrelta. Kulttuurista viitteit&auml; jopa 13 000 vuotta.<br /><br /><span>3. Uskonto: Vennemann ehdottaa,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; Balder/Phol-nimi johtuisi foinikialaisesta Ba'al-nimest&auml;&nbsp;</span><span>germaanisen konsonantinsiirron kautta, ja ett&auml; Vanir-jumalat heijastaisivat punilaista&nbsp;</span><span>uskonnollista vaikutusta (Academia.edu / Theo Vennemann).</span><br /><br /><span>Mutta: eiv&auml;t johda Dani-nime&auml; Tanitista</span><br /><br /><span>On eritt&auml;in t&auml;rke&auml;&auml; huomata,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; Vennemann ja Mailhammer eiv&auml;t miss&auml;&auml;n vaiheessa johda&nbsp;</span><span>"Dani"-kansanime&auml; Tanitista. Yhteys on v&auml;lillinen: Tanitin kasvot kolikoissa &rarr; sana penny;&nbsp;</span><span>punilainen l&auml;sn&auml;olo Tanskan alueella &rarr; mahdollinen kielellinen ja kulttuurinen vaikutus.</span><br /><br /><span>Dani-nimi itsess&auml;&auml;n ei ole osa heid&auml;n etymologista argumentaatiotaan.</span><br /><br /><span>T&auml;m&auml; on merkitt&auml;v&auml; rajoitus. Vaikka karthagolainen kontaktihypoteesi olisi oikea (mik&auml; on&nbsp;</span><span>kiistanalaista)&nbsp;</span><span>, se ei automaattisesti tarkoita,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; Dani-nimi olisi Tanitia. Nimisamankaltaisuus&nbsp;</span><span>Tanit ~ Dani on &auml;&auml;nteellisesti houkutteleva, ja todistettavasti k&auml;ytetty yhten&auml;isesti, mutta se vaatisi v&auml;liportaita, kuten todistetun&nbsp;</span><span>&auml;&auml;nteen kehityksen Tanit &rarr; Dan- tai oletetun punilaisen paikannimen muodossa "Tanitin&nbsp;</span><span>maa/kansa", joita l&auml;hteiss&auml; ei t&auml;ll&auml; hetkell&auml; ole.</span><br /><span>.</span><br /><span><strong>Vennemannin teorian vastaanotto</strong></span><br /><br /><span>Vennemannin laajempi "Germania Semitica" -hypoteesi (jossa punilainen kieli olisi vaikuttanut&nbsp;</span><span>germaaniin laajasti) on saanut huomattavaa kritiikki&auml;. Philip Baldi ja B. Richard Page&nbsp;</span><span>hylk&auml;siv&auml;t monet ehdotetuista etymologioista ja metodologisista oletuksista Lingua-lehden&nbsp;</span><span>arviossa (Baldi &amp; Page 2006). Saksankielinen Wikipedia tiivist&auml;&auml; konsensuksen: hypoteesi "gilt in&nbsp;</span><span>der Wissenscha als umstritten und wird mehrheitlich abgelehnt", se on tieteess&auml;</span><br /><span>kiistanalainen ja enimm&auml;kseen hyl&auml;tty (Wikipedia (de): Atlantisch-Semitidische Sprachen).</span><br /><br /><span>On kuitenkin reilua todeta,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; Vennemannin ja Mailhammerin ty&ouml;ss&auml; on yksitt&auml;isi&auml;&nbsp;</span><span>argumentteja, jotka ansaitsevat tarkempaa tutkimusta, erityisesti Thanet-toponyyminen&nbsp;</span><span>argumentti ja runokirjoituksen alkuper&auml;kysymys.</span><br /><br /><strong><span><font size="3">IV. Thanet - Tanitin saari vertailutapauksena</font></span></strong><br /><br /><span>Vennemannin vahvin yksitt&auml;inen Tanit-toponyymisargumentti ei koske Tanskaa vaan</span><br /><span>Britanniaa, mutta se tarjoaa mielenkiintoisen vertailutapauksen.</span><br /><br /><strong><span>Thanet-nimen ongelma</span></strong><br /><br /><span>Isle of Thanet Kentin it&auml;osassa on paikannimi, jonka etymologia on osoittautunut yll&auml;tt&auml;v&auml;n&nbsp;</span><span>vaikeaksi. Perinteiset kelttil&auml;iset selitykset - tan- "tuli" ("tulen saari") tai tann- "tammi"&nbsp;</span><span>("tammenmets&auml;"), kohtaavat kielellisi&auml; ongelmia. Richard Coates, johtava englantilainen&nbsp;</span><span>paikannimitutkija, on joutunut luokittelemaan Thanetin "muinaiseksi" ja "t&auml;ysin</span><br /><span>selitt&auml;m&auml;tt&ouml;m&auml;ksi" nimeksi, joka ei selity kelttil&auml;isesti eik&auml; germaanisti (Caitlingreen.org 2015).</span><br /><span>Vennemannin ehdotus: &#702;Y TNT &mdash; "Tanitin saari".&nbsp;</span><span>Vennemann argumentoi,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; Thanetin alkuper&auml;inen brittil&auml;inen muoto (Coatesin&nbsp;</span><span>rekonstruktio: Tanit&#257;, Tanet&#257; tai Tanetos/-is) voisi palautua punilaiseen ilmaukseen &#702;Y TNT, joka</span><br /><span>tarkoittaa "Tanitin saarta". H&auml;nen mukaansa sama nimi oli alun perin annettu C&aacute;dizin saarelle</span><span>,&nbsp;</span><span>jonka Plinius mainitsee nimell&auml; "Iunon saari", ja koska roomalaiset samastivat Junon Tanitiin&nbsp;</span><span>(interpretatio Romana)</span><span>, t&auml;m&auml; on ymm&auml;rrett&auml;viss&auml; alkuper&auml;isen&auml; punilaisena "Tanitin saarena"&nbsp;</span><span>(Caitlingreen.org 2015; Germania Semitica 2012).</span><br /><br /><span><strong>Arkeologinen tuki</strong></span><br /><br /><span>Caitlin Greenin analyysin mukaan Thanetin tapauksessa on h&auml;mm&auml;stytt&auml;v&auml; yhteensattuma</span><br /><span>kielellisen ja arkeologisen aineiston v&auml;lill&auml;:</span><br /><br /><span>Karthagolaisia kolikokoita on l&ouml;ydetty Britannian rannikolta huomattavia m&auml;&auml;ri&auml;, ja&nbsp;</span><span>suurin keskittym&auml;, v&auml;hint&auml;&auml;n 22 kolikkoa on juuri It&auml;-Kentist&auml;, Thanetin alueelta.&nbsp;</span><span>N&auml;m&auml; eiv&auml;t ole modernin aikakauden satunnaisia hukkutuksia vaan todenn&auml;k&ouml;isesti&nbsp;</span><span>esroomalaisen rautakauden tuontia.</span><br /><br /><span>Cli&#64256;s End Farmin hautausmaa Thanetissa: isotooppianalyysi osoittaa,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; noin 20 %&nbsp;</span><span>haudatuista oli kasvanut joko lounais-Iberiassa tai Pohjois-Afrikassa, mik&auml; tukee&nbsp;</span><span>todellisten pitk&auml;n matkan liikkumisten olemassaoloa n&auml;iden alueiden v&auml;lill&auml;&nbsp;</span><span>(Caitlingreen.org 2015).</span><br /><br /><span>Miksi t&auml;m&auml; on relevanttia Dani-kysymykselle?</span><br /><br /><span>Thanet ei ole Denmark,&nbsp;</span><span>eiv&auml;tk&auml; Vennemannin argumentit suoraan osoita,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; Tanit olisi&nbsp;</span><span>p&auml;&auml;tynyt Dani-kansanimeen. Mutta Thanet on t&auml;rke&auml; kahdesta syyst&auml;:</span><br /><br /><span>1. Metodologinen vertailu: Se osoittaa, miten Tanit-jumalattaren nimi voisi teoreettisesti</span><br /><span>siirty&auml; paikannimeen Atlantin rannikolla ja antaa siten mallin, jota voisi periaatteessa</span><br /><span>soveltaa my&ouml;s Tanskaan, jos karthagolainen kontaktihypoteesi pit&auml;&auml; paikkansa.</span><br /><br /><span>2. Kontaktihistoriallinen kehys: Se havainnollistaa,&nbsp;</span><span>ett&auml; foinikialais-karthagolainen&nbsp;</span><span>kaupank&auml;ynti ulottui todenn&auml;k&ouml;isesti Britannian saakka, ja ett&auml; Tanskan alueen ja etenkin Sambian (suomalais-ugrilainen)&nbsp;</span><span>meripihkakauppa-alue voisi olla samanlaajuisen verkoston osa. Jos Tanit-niminen saari oli&nbsp;</span><span>olemassa Kentiss&auml;, miksi ei my&ouml;s Jyllannissa?</span><br /><br /><span>T&auml;m&auml; on kuitenkin spekulaatiota ilman suoraa l&auml;hteistyst&auml;. &Auml;&auml;nteellinen tie Tanit &rarr; Dani ei ole</span><br /><span>osoitettu, ja t&auml;llainen yhteys vaatisi v&auml;liportaita, joita l&auml;hteiss&auml; ei t&auml;ll&auml; hetkell&auml; ole</span><span>.</span><br /></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/medinet-habu-ramses-iii-tempel-nordostwand-abzeichnung-01_orig.jpg" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption">Piirros egyptil&auml;isest&auml; muurireliefist&auml; Medinet Habussa (1100-luku eaa.), joka kuvaa egyptil&auml;isten taistelua merikansoja vastaan.</span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;">&#8203;<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><font size="4"><strong>&#8203;V.&nbsp;</strong><strong>Danin heimo (Denian) ja my&ouml;h&auml;iset identiteettietymologiat</strong></font><br /><br />Kolmas, hyvin erilainen teoriakerros johtaa meid&auml;t Raamatun luo: Israelin kahdestatoista&nbsp;heimosta yksi on nimelt&auml;&auml;n Dan (hepr. &#1491; &#1468; &#1464;&#1503;, "tuomari"). T&auml;m&auml; heimo on historiallisesti&nbsp;kiinnostava, koska se siirtyi Raamatun mukaan pohjoiseen ja antoi nimens&auml; paikoille&nbsp;, joissa&nbsp;kulki (Tuomarien kirja 18:12, 29) (Wikipedia: Tribe of Dan; Etymonline: Dan). Se yhdistettiin my&ouml;h&auml;isees&auml; vaiheessa merikansaan nimelt&auml; Denian. Muita heimoja jotka yhdistettiin merikansoihin oli: Vasas tai Wasas,&nbsp;<span style="color:rgb(8, 8, 9)">Lapu tai Lapou, Meshwesh,&nbsp;</span>Ekwesh (Achaeans), Karians/Carians, Luwians, Sekelesh ja Sherden jne..<br /><br /><strong>Brittisraelilainen vastaanottohistoria</strong><br /><br />1600-luvulta l&auml;htien on esitetty teorioita, jotka yhdist&auml;v&auml;t Danin heimon danielaisiin. Henry Spelman (1620)<br />esitti nimen samankaltaisuuteen perustuen, ett&auml; danielaiset olivat Israelin Danin heimoa. Vuoden 1400-luvun latinankielinen Chronicon Holsatiae vetus (julkaistu Leibnizin Accessiones historicae -kokoelmassa 1698) tekee saman v&auml;itteen (Wikipedia: Tribe of Dan).<br /><br />My&ouml;hemmin brittisraelilainen (British Israelite) perinne laajensi t&auml;t&auml; huomattavasti: John Cox Gawler ja J.H. Allen samastivat Danin heimon Tanskaan, Edward Hine taas ehdotti, ett&auml; Danin heimo oli asuttanut sek&auml; Tanskan ett&auml; Irlannin Ulsterin (Wikipedia: Tribe of Dan; britam.org). Er&auml;&auml;t l&auml;hteet menev&auml;t pidemm&auml;lle: ne v&auml;itt&auml;v&auml;t, ett&auml; "Tuatha D&eacute; Danann" tarkoittaisi kirjaimellisesti "Danin heimoa" ja ett&auml; n&auml;m&auml; olisivat siirtyneet Irlannista Tanskaan (originofnations.org).<br /><br /><strong>Kielellinen arvio</strong><br /><br />N&auml;m&auml; teoriat perustuvat kolmeen ongelmalliseen oletukseen:<br /><br />1. Nimisamankaltaisuus: Dan (hepr.) &asymp; Dani (germ.) &asymp; Danann (iiri). T&auml;m&auml; on &auml;&auml;nteellisesti<br />houkuttelevaa mutta kielellisesti kest&auml;m&auml;t&ouml;nt&auml; ilman todistettua historiallista yhteytt&auml;.<br /><br />2. Raamatullinen profeetia: Jaakobin siunaus (1. Moos. 49:17) &mdash; "Dan on oleva k&auml;&auml;rme tiell&auml;, kyyk&auml;&auml;rme polulla, joka puree hevosen kannusta, niin ett&auml; ratsastaja putoaa sel&auml;st&auml;&auml;n" -- on tulkittu ennustukseksi siit&auml;, ett&auml; Danin heimo j&auml;tt&auml;isi j&auml;lkens&auml; paikannimiin kaikkialla.<br /><br />3. Oletus samasta alkuper&auml;st&auml;: Heprean Dan ("tuomari", juuresta din) ja germaanisen daniz (mahdollisesti "matalan maan asukas" tai "virtaaja") ovat t&auml;ysin eri kieliperheist&auml; ja eri juurista. Niiden v&auml;lill&auml; ei ole kielellist&auml; siltaa.<br /><br />On kuitenkin yksi mielenkiintoinen yksityiskohta: arkeologi Yigael Yadin (1973) on v&auml;itt&auml;nyt, ett&auml; Danin heimo oli alun perin ei-seemil&auml;inen ja mahdollisesti indoeurooppalainen, ehk&auml; sama kuin egyptil&auml;isten l&auml;hteiss&auml; mainitut Denyen (merikansat). Jos t&auml;m&auml; pit&auml;&auml; paikkansa, silloin heprealainen Dan olisi indoeurooppalainen lainasana, ja nimisamankaltaisuus Dani-kansannimen kanssa voisi olla enemm&auml;n kuin sattumaa (Scribd: Reflections on the Goddess Donu; Journal of Ancient History). T&auml;m&auml; on kuitenkin hyvin spekulatiivista.<br /><br />T&auml;m&auml; teoriakerros kuuluu ensisijaisesti reseptiohistoriaan, siihen, miten Dani-nime&auml; on<br />my&ouml;hemmin tulkittu ja politisotu, eik&auml; itse nimen etymologiaan.<br /><br /><br /><strong><font size="4">VI. Synteesi: kerrostunut nimi</font></strong><br /><br />Voimme nyt vet&auml;&auml; yhteen kolme tasoa ja arvioida niiden suhteen Dani-nimeen.<br /><br /><strong>Taso 1: V&auml;itetysti vahvin tieteellinen perusta</strong><br /><br />Vahvin ja parhaiten l&auml;hteistetty selitys Dani-nimelle on germaaninen: proto-germaaninen *daniz, joka mahdollisesti palautuu PIE-juureen *d&#688;enh&#8322; - ("virrata") tai sanaan tarkoittaen "matala maa, tasanko". T&auml;ss&auml; tulkinnassa Dani on alun perin geografinen nimitys, "tasangon tai matalan maan asukkaat" tai mahdollisesti "joen/virran kansa".<br /><br />Ensimm&auml;inen kirjallinen maininta on Jordanekselta 500-luvulta, ja Tanskan oma varhaisin maininta on Jelling-kivist&auml;<br />900-luvulta. Ongelmana on kuitenkin maan merenpohjainen sijainti.<br /><br /><strong>Taso 2: Kontaktihistorialliset mahdollisuudet</strong><br /><br />Indoeurooppalainen Danu-jokijumalatar-horisontti tarjoaa syvent&auml;v&auml;n taustakerroksen: jos *daniz todella liittyy *d&#688;enh&#8322;<br />- -juureen, silloin Dani kytkeytyy laajaan eurooppalaiseen vesist&ouml;- ja jokien nimist&ouml;&ouml;n (Don, Dnepr, Dnestr, Tonava) sek&auml; mahdollisesti jokijumalattarien perinteeseen (Veda-D&#257;nu, iiril&auml;inen Danu). T&auml;m&auml; ei todista jumalatarta Tanskan nimen taustalta, mutta se syvent&auml;&auml; nimen merkityspotentiaalia: Dani voisi ymm&auml;rt&auml;&auml; "vesireitin kansana", mik&auml; sopii Tanskan saaristo- ja salmimaiseen maantieteeseen.<br /><br />Punilainen kontaktihypoteesi (Vennemann/Mailhammer) avaa toisenlaisen, huomattavasti kiistellymm&auml;n mahdollisuuden: karthagolaisten kauppiaiden l&auml;sn&auml;olo Tanskan alueella voisi selitt&auml;&auml; osan germaanisen kielen erikoispiirteist&auml;, mutta se ei nykyisell&auml;&auml;n selit&auml; Dani-nime&auml;.<br /><br />Tanitin ja Dani-nimen v&auml;linen &auml;&auml;nteellinen samankaltaisuus on houkutteleva, mutta vaatii todistetun &auml;&auml;nteen kehityksen tai punilaisen paikannimen, jota ei ole l&ouml;ydetty. Thanetin vertailutapaus osoittaa, miten t&auml;llainen siirto voisi periaatteessa toimia, mutta sen soveltaminen Tanskaan j&auml;&auml; spekulaatioksi.<br /><br /><strong>Taso 3: My&ouml;h&auml;iset ja ideologiset etymologiat</strong><br /><br />Israelin Danin heimoa koskevat teoriat (Spelman, British Israelism) kuuluvat reseptiohistoriaan. Ne ovat kiinnostavia esimerkkej&auml; siit&auml;, miten nimisamankaltaisuus on historiallisesti ruokkinut identiteettipoliittisia tulkintoja, mutta niill&auml; ei ole tieteellist&auml; etymologista arvoa. Heprean Dan ("tuomari") ja germaanisen *daniz ovat eri kieliperheist&auml; ja<br />eri juurista. Ainoa mielenkiintoinen poikkeus on Yigael Yadinin ehdotus, ett&auml; Danin heimo olisi voinut olla<br />ei-seemil&auml;inen ja mahdollisesti indoeurooppalainen, mik&auml; loisi teoreettisen sillan heprealaisen ja germaanisen nimen v&auml;lille. T&auml;m&auml; j&auml;&auml; kuitenkin arkeologiseksi spekulaatioksi ilman kielellist&auml; tukea.<br /><br /><strong>Johtop&auml;&auml;t&ouml;s</strong><br /><br />Dani-nimi n&auml;ytt&auml;&auml;, kun kaikki kerrokset on tutkittu, enemm&auml;n "rajamaan ja vesimaiseman kansalta" kuin Tanitin tai Israelin Danin suoralta j&auml;ljelt&auml;. Vahvin tieteellinen tulkinta johtaa nimen germaaniseen maantieteelliseen terminologiaan, tasanko, matala maa, tai mahdollisesti virtaava vesi.<br /><br />Mutta Dani-nimen ymp&auml;rille on kerrostunut juuri sellainen Atlantin ja Pohjolan kontaktien kentt&auml;, joka tekee nimest&auml; poikkeuksellisen kiehtovan. Sama "dan/d&#257;nu"-&auml;&auml;nnekaiku ulottuu Veda-joista Irlannin jumalattariin, Tonavasta Doniin, ja karthagolaisen Tanitin kasvoista englannin pennyn alkuper&auml;&auml;n. Ehk&auml; juuri t&auml;m&auml; monikerroksellisuus, tietoisuus siit&auml;,<br />ett&auml; yksi &auml;&auml;nnejono voi resonoida niin monessa eri traditiossa ja kielellisess&auml; maisemassa on Dani-nimen todellinen salaisuus.<br /><br />Nimi ei ehk&auml; paljasta yht&auml; alkuper&auml;&auml;, vaan muistuttaa meit&auml; siit&auml;, miten muinaiset kansat, joet, &nbsp;jumalattaret ja kauppareitit ovat kietoutuneet toisiinsa tavalla, joka ylitt&auml;&auml; nykyiset kielialueiden ja kulttuuristen kategorioiden rajat. Juuri t&auml;ss&auml; risteyskohtassa, germaanisen tasangon, indoeurooppalaisen joen, karthagolaisen jumalattaren ja israelilaisen heimon nimien kaikupinnassa, Dani el&auml;&auml; edelleen avoimena, monitulkintaisena ja tutkimuksen arvoisena kysymyksen&auml; nimen todellisesta alkuper&auml;st&auml;.<br /><br /><br /><strong>L&auml;hteet</strong><br /><br />Ensisijaiset tutkimusl&auml;hteet:<br /><br />Mailhammer, R. &amp; Vennemann, T. (2019). The Carthaginian North: Semitic influence on early Germanic. John Benjamins. https://benjamins.com/catalog/nss.32<br /><br />Vennemann, T. (2012). Germania Semitica. De Gruyter. (Open Access: https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/30678)<br /><br />Vennemann, T. (2003). Europa Vasconica &ndash; Europa Semitica. De Gruyter. Baldi, B. &amp; Page, R.B. (2006). Review of Europa Vasconica-Europa Semitica. Lingua. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024384105000690<br /><br />Lipi&#324;ski, E. (1995). Dieux et d&eacute;esses de l'univers ph&eacute;nicien et punique. Peeters.<br /><br /><strong>Tietosanakirjat ja etymologiset l&auml;hteet</strong><br /><br />Wikipedia: Tanit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanit<br />Wikipedia: Danes (tribe). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danes_(tribe)<br />Wikipedia: Etymology of Denmark. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology_of_Denmark<br />Wikipedia: Tribe of Dan. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_of_Dan<br />Wikipedia: Danu (Indo-European). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu_(Indo_European)<br />Wikipedia: Danu (Irish goddess). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu_(Irish_goddess)<br />Wikipedia: Atlantic (Semitic) languages. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_(Semitic)_languages<br />Wiktionary: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daniz. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/daniz<br />Wiktionary: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/d&#688;enh&#8322;-. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-IndoEuropean/d&#688;enh&#65533;&#65533;%2-<br /><br />Wiktionary: Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/d&aacute;Hnu. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/d&aacute;Hnu<br /><br />Etymonline: Dane. https://www.etymonline.com/word/Dane<br />Etymonline: Dan. https://www.etymonline.com/word/dan<br /><br /><strong>Analyysit ja kommentaarit</strong><br />Green, C. (2015). Thanet, Tanit and the Phoenicians: Place-Names, Archaeology and Pre-Roman Trade. https://www.caitlingreen.org/2015/04/thanet-tanit-and-the-phoenicians.html<br /><br />ASWM (2026). Tanit of Carthage. https://womenandmyth.org/2026/03/09/tanit-of-carthage/<br />Qart-Hadasht: Tanit. https://qart-hadasht.org/deities/tanit/<br />Western Sydney University (2020). Phoenicians found to have influenced early Germanic<br />people. https://www.westernsydney.edu.au/news-centre/stories/2020/across-the-atlantic-phoenicians-found-to-have-influenced-early-germanic-people<br /><br />Language Hat (2020). Punic in Proto-Germanic. https://languagehat.com/punic-in-proto-germanic/<br />Wikipedia (de): Hypothese der Atlantisch-Semitidischen Sprachen. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothese_der_Atlantisch-Semitidischen_Sprachen<br /><br /><strong>Muut l&auml;hteet</strong><br /><br />dandebat.dk: Danes, Heruls, Angles and Jutes. https://www.dandebat.dk/eng-dk-historie15.htm<br />Brons och blod: Var kommer namnet Danmark ifr&aring;n? https://bronsochblod.com/2021/01/15/var-kommer-namnet-danmark-ifran/<br />Vedanet: Vedic Origins of the Europeans. https://www.vedanet.com/vedic-origins-of-the-european<br />s-the-children-of-danu/<br />Mary Jones: Danube River. http://www.maryjones.us/jce/danube.html<br />HAL: Ana / *Danu. https://hal.science/hal-04419624/document<br />Scribd: Reflections on the Goddess Donu. https://www.scribd.com/document/816525035/Reflections-on-the-Goddess-Donu<br /><br />Reddit / AncientEgyptian: The goddess Tanit. https://www.reddit.com/r/AncientEgyptian/comments/18oa1w7/the_goddess_tanit/<br />Academia.edu: The Indo-European *H2ner(t)-s and the Danu Tribe. https://www.academia.edu/<br />2940319/The_Indo_European_H2ner_t_s_and_the_Danu_Tribe_Journal_of_Indo_European_Studies_Vol_35_2007_Number_3_and_4_pp_297_310<br />Journal of Ancient History: Indo-European *H2ner(t)-s and Danu tribe. http://ancienthist.ru/issues/41/articles/538locale=en</div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Etymology lost: Water - Vesi - Odin]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/etymology-lost-water-vesi-odin]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/etymology-lost-water-vesi-odin#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Sat, 06 Jul 2024 05:47:50 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/etymology-lost-water-vesi-odin</guid><description><![CDATA[ EtymologyFinnish word for water (Vesi) and it's synonym: VodaEtymologyFrom&nbsp;Proto-Finnic&nbsp;*veci, from&nbsp;Proto-Uralic&nbsp;*wete&nbsp;or *weti. Cognates include&nbsp;Finnish&nbsp;vesi,&nbsp;Hungarian&nbsp;v&iacute;z. Ultimately&nbsp;a cognate from&nbsp;Proto-Indo-European&nbsp;*w&oacute;dr&#805;, in which case compare to&nbsp;Scottish Gaelic&nbsp;uisge,&nbsp;Irish&nbsp;uisce,&nbsp;Russian&nbsp;&#1074;&#1086;&#1076;&#1072;&#769;&nbsp;(vod&aacute;),&nbsp;English&nbsp;water.Before we con [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/n-ytt-kuva-2025-09-15-kello-19-30-02_orig.png" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><strong><span>Etymology</span></strong><br /><br /><strong><span>Finnish word for water (Vesi) and it's synonym: Voda</span></strong><br /><br />Etymology<br /><br /><font color="#202122">From&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Finnic_language">Proto-Finnic</a></span><font color="#202122">&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/veci">*veci</a></em><font color="#202122">, from&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Uralic_language">Proto-Uralic</a></span><font color="#202122">&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/wete">*wete</a>&nbsp;or *weti</em><font color="#202122">. Cognates include&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_language">Finnish</a></span><font color="#202122">&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesi#Finnish">vesi</a></em><font color="#202122">,&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_language">Hungarian</a></span><font color="#202122">&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%ADz#Hungarian">v&iacute;z</a></em><font color="#202122">. Ultimately&nbsp;a cognate from&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language">Proto-Indo-European</a></span><font color="#202122">&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/w%C3%B3dr%CC%A5">*w&oacute;dr&#805;</a></em><font color="#202122">, in which case compare to&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a>&nbsp;</span><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uisge#Scottish_Gaelic">uisge</a></em><font color="#202122">,&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_language">Irish</a></span><font color="#202122">&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/uisce#Irish">uisce</a></em><font color="#202122">,&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language">Russian</a></span><font color="#202122">&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0#Russian">&#1074;&#1086;&#1076;&#1072;&#769;</a></span><font color="#202122">&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)">(</span><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)">vod&aacute;</span><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)">)</span><font color="#202122">,&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language">English</a></span><font color="#202122">&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/water#English">water</a></em><font color="#202122">.</font><br /><br /><font color="#202122">Before we continue I'll remind you with 2 things. <strong><u>Vesi was the actual name of the gothic tribe Vicigoths</u></strong> and it meant water. The second one I remind you is <u><strong>Odin, as all the names have come&nbsp;from the wordroots meaning Water.</strong></u> The words they used under&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language">Proto-Indo-European</a></span><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)">&nbsp;</span><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/w%C3%B3dr%CC%A5">*w&oacute;dr&#805;</a>&nbsp;</em><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)">word: Wodan, Vodan, Wodan, Votan, Wuotan, Woden, </em><font color="#494949"><span>Wodanaz, Wodanz</span></font><font color="#202122"><span><em>&nbsp;and</em></span></font><font color="#444444">&nbsp;W&#333;&eth;anaz. The list includes Oden, Odin, Wates, Wate, Wade,&nbsp;<span>Watis</span>&nbsp;and Vates. Let's start.</font><br /><br />&#8203;<strong>See the resemblance in&nbsp;</strong><strong>Proto-Indo-European root word:&nbsp;</strong><strong><em style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/w%C3%B3dr%CC%A5">*w&oacute;dr&#805;</a>&nbsp;</em></strong><br /><br /><strong>Etymology</strong><br /><br />From&nbsp;<em><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wed-">*wed-</a></em>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>&ldquo;</span><span>water</span><span>&rdquo;</span><span>)</span>&nbsp;+&lrm;&nbsp;<em><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-r%CC%A5">*-r&#805;</a></em>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>r/n-stem suffix</span><span>)</span>.&nbsp;Possibly related to Proto-Uralic&nbsp;<em><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/wete">*wete</a></em>, the source of Finnish&nbsp;<em><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesi#Finnish">vesi</a></em>&nbsp;and Hungarian&nbsp;<em><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%ADz#Hungarian">v&iacute;z</a></em>.&nbsp;<br /><font color="#000000">In Proto-Indo-European, the active elemental&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>*wed-</strong></em><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">(</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&ldquo;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">water</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&rdquo;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">)</span><font color="#000000">&nbsp;was contrasted with the passive&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82ep-">*h&#8322;ep-</a></em><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">(</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&ldquo;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">body of water</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&rdquo;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">)</span><font color="#000000">, similar to the opposition of the active "fire"&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%81n%CC%A5g%CA%B7nis">*h&#8321;n&#805;g&#695;nis</a></em><font color="#000000">&nbsp;with the passive&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/p%C3%A9h%E2%82%82wr%CC%A5">*p&eacute;h&#8322;wr&#805;</a></em><font color="#000000">.&nbsp;</font><em style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><strong>*wed-</strong></em><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">(</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&ldquo;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">body of water</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&rdquo;</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">) sounds exactly like&nbsp;</span><font color="#000000"><span>Finnish&nbsp;weet or *veet or *weet (waters).</span></font><br /><br /><span><strong>Root<br /><br />&#8203;*wed-</strong></span><ol style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)"><li>to&nbsp;<a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/well#English">well</a></li><li><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/water#English">water</a></li></ol><br />Noun<br /><br /><span><strong>*w&oacute;dr&#805;</strong>&nbsp;<span>n</span></span><ol><li><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/water#English">water</a></li></ol><br /><strong>Inflection</strong><br /><br />Older acrostatic pattern:<br /><br />nominative:&nbsp;<span>*w&oacute;dr&#805;,&nbsp;</span><span>*w&eacute;d&#333;r</span><br />genitive:&nbsp;<span>*w&eacute;dn&#805;s,&nbsp;</span><span>*udn&eacute;s (Oden, Odin)</span><br /><br />Later proterokinetic pattern:<br /><br />nominative:&nbsp;<span>*w&oacute;dr&#805;,&nbsp;</span><span>*w&eacute;d&#333;r</span><br />genitive:&nbsp;<span>*ud&eacute;ns,&nbsp;*udn&eacute;s&nbsp;(Oden, Odin)</span><br /><br /><strong>Synonyms</strong><br /><br />Derived terms<ul><li><span>*udn-eh&#8322;</span>&nbsp;<span>n&nbsp;pl</span><ul><li><span>&rArr;</span><span>?</span>&nbsp;Latin:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/unda#Latin">unda</a></span>&nbsp;<span>f</span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>&ldquo;</span><span>wave</span><span>&rdquo;</span><span>)</span></li></ul></li></ul> Descendants:<ul><li>Proto-Albanian:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Albanian/udrj%C4%81">*udrj&#257;</a></span><ul><li>Albanian:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/uj%C3%AB#Albanian">uj&euml;</a></span></li></ul></li><li>Proto-Anatolian:<ul><li>Hittite:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%89%BF%F0%92%80%80%F0%92%8B%BB#Hittite">&#74367;&#73728;&#74491;</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>w&#257;tar</span><span>) (Wates)</span></li><li>Luwian:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%89%BF%F0%92%80%80%F0%92%85%88%F0%92%8A%AD#Luwian">&#74367;&#73728;&#74056;&#74413;</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>w&#257;rsa</span><span>)</span></li></ul></li><li>Proto-Balto-Slavic:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/wand%C5%8D">*wand&#333;</a></span>&nbsp;</li><li><span>&rArr;</span>&nbsp;Proto-Celtic:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/udenskyos">*udenskyos</a></span></li><li>Proto-Germanic:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wat%C5%8Dr">*wat&#333;r</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>Wates)</span></li><li>Proto-Hellenic:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/%C3%BAd%C5%8Dr">*&uacute;d&#333;r</a>&nbsp;</span><ul><li>Mycenaean Greek:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%80%84%F0%90%80%88#Mycenaean_Greek">&#65540;&#65544;</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>u-do</span>&nbsp;<span>/&#8288;h&uacute;d&#333;r&#8288;/</span><span>)</span></li><li>Ancient Greek:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%95%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%81#Ancient_Greek">&#8021;&delta;&omega;&rho;</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>h&uacute;d&#333;r</span><span>)</span>&nbsp;)</li></ul></li><li>Proto-Indo-Iranian:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/w%C3%A1Hr%CC%A5">*w&aacute;Hr&#805;</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>assuming a change d &gt; h&#8321; in the nom. sg.</span><span>)</span><ul><li>Proto-Indo-Aryan:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/w%C3%A1Hr%CC%A5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1">*w&aacute;Hr&#805;</a></span><ul><li>Sanskrit:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D#Sanskrit">&#2313;&#2342;&#2344;&#2381;</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>ud&aacute;n</span><span>)</span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>from the oblique stem</span><span>)</span>,&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D#Sanskrit">&#2357;&#2366;&#2352;&#2381;</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>v&#257;r</span><span>)</span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>possibly from the nominative</span><span>)</span>&nbsp;(<em>see there for further descendants</em>)</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>Proto-Italic:&nbsp;<span>*ud&#333;r</span><ul><li>Umbrian:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%96%F0%90%8C%95%F0%90%8C%96%F0%90%8C%93#Umbrian">&#66326;&#66325;&#66326;&#66323;</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>utur</span><span>)</span></li></ul></li><li>Phrygian:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B2%CE%AD%CE%B4%CF%85#Phrygian">&beta;&#941;&delta;&upsilon;</a></span>&nbsp;<span>(v&eacute;du, b&eacute;du</span><span>)</span></li><li>Proto-Tocharian:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Tocharian/w%C3%A4r">*w&auml;r</a></span><ul><li>Tocharian A:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/w%C3%A4r#Tocharian_A">w&auml;r</a></span></li><li>Tocharian B:&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/war#Tocharian_B">war</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/n-ytt-kuva-2025-09-15-kello-20-19-25_orig.png" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%">Watis - "God of the Vates"</div> </div></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;">In the nordic stories of Volunder who is known as Wayland the Smith by Anglo-Saxons. His father was a sea giant (Sea-king or Meritursas) recognized by the coastal tribes of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The story goes that Wayland's grandfather was a <strong><u>Finnish king named Villcinus</u></strong>, who was seduced one day while walking in the forest by the beautiful young woman Wachilde. Later, he rose from the sea and stopped Villcinus' ship. When the woman told him that she was to bear his child, he took Wachilde aboard. After the child was born, Wachilde disappeared back into the sea or sailed back to the sea. <strong><u>The child was named Wade, Wate or Waetla</u></strong> and he grew up to be a giant (<strong>Fjornjotr</strong>) of great fame and power on the seas. He also possessed great secret powers. In the Wilkina saga, Wilkins (Vilcinus) is the king of the great state of WinKina.<br /><br />(Wada H&aelig;lsingum is mentioned in the Widsith poem line 22: "<a href="https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/1660317" target="_blank">Wade</a> (ruled) the H&aelig;lsings").</div>  <div class="paragraph"><strong><span>Word for water in different languages:<br />&#8203;</span></strong><br /><strong>1. H&#8322;O</strong><ul><li>Afrikaans:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/water">water</a>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>Wates)</span></li><li>Aymara:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/uma">uma</a></li><li>Albanian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/uj%C3%AB">uj&#281;&nbsp;</a><em>m. (*ves &amp; vesi = wise)</em></li><li>Arabic:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1%23Arabia">&#1605;&#1614;&#1575;&#1569;</a>&nbsp;(&nbsp;m&#257;&#702;&nbsp;)&nbsp;<em>m.</em></li><li>aragon:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/aigua">algua</a></li><li>Armenian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">&#1397;&#1398;&#1377;&#1398;</a>&nbsp;[vezin]</li><li>Azerbaijani:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/su">su</a></li><li>Bambara:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ji">ji</a></li><li>Basque:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ur">ur</a></li><li>Bengali:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">&#2460;&#2482;</a></li><li>Bosnian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/voda">voda&nbsp;</a><em>f&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>Breton:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/dour">dour&nbsp;</a><em>m.</em></li><li>Bulgarian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0">&#1074;&#1086;&#1076;&#1072;&nbsp;</a><em>f.</em>&nbsp;[voda]</li><li>Chuuk:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/chaan?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">chaan</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/kk%C3%B3nik?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">kk&oacute;nik</a></li><li>English:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/water">water</a>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>Wates)</span></li><li>Erza:&nbsp;<span style="color:rgb(31, 31, 31)"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/&#1074;&#1077;&#1076;&#1100;" target="_blank">&#1074;&#1077;&#1076;&#1100;</a>&nbsp;[ve&#271;]&nbsp;</span></li><li>Spanish:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/agua">agua&nbsp;</a><em>f</em></li><li>Esperanto:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/akvo">akvo</a></li><li>Southern Sami:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/tjaetsie?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">tjaetsie</a></li><li>Fijian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/wai">wai</a></li><li>Frisian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/wetter">wetter</a></li><li>Faroese:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vatn">vatn</a></li><li>Galician:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/auga">auga&nbsp;</a><em>f.</em></li><li>georgia:<span style="color:rgb(31, 31, 31)">&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/&#4332;&#4327;&#4304;&#4314;&#4312;" target="_blank">&#4332;&#4327;&#4304;&#4314;&#4312;</a>&nbsp;[</span><span style="color:rgb(95, 99, 104)">tsqali</span><span style="color:rgb(31, 31, 31)">]&nbsp;</span></li><li>Guarani:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/y">y</a></li><li>Hawaiian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/wai">wai</a></li><li>Hittite:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/watar?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">watar</a>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>Wates)</span></li><li>Hebrew:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">&#1502;&#1497;&#1501;&nbsp;</a><em>m.&nbsp;</em>[mim]</li><li>Hindi:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">&#2346;&#2366;&#2344;&#2368;</a>&nbsp;[pa&#7751;i]</li><li>Dutch:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/water">water</a>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>Wates)</span></li><li>ido:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/aquo">aquo</a></li><li>Irish:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/uisce">uisce&nbsp;</a><em>m.</em></li><li>Inari S&aacute;mi:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C4%8D%C3%A4%C3%A4ci">&#269;&auml;&auml;ci</a></li><li>Indonesian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/air">air</a></li><li>inker&ouml;inen:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesi">vesi</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>interlingua:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/aqua">aqua</a></li><li>Icelandic:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vatn">vatn</a></li><li>Italian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/acqua">acqua&nbsp;</a><em>f</em></li><li>Javanese:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/banyu">banyu</a></li><li>Japanese:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4">&#27700;</a></li><li>Yoruba:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/omi">oml</a></li><li>kambera:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/wai">wai</a></li><li>canakanabu:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/can%C3%BAmu?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">can&uacute;mu</a></li><li>kapingamarangi:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/wai">wai</a></li><li>Karelia:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesi">vesi</a>&nbsp;(goth)</li><li>Caroline:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/schaal?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">scaal</a></li><li>Catalan:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/aigua">aigua&nbsp;</a><em>f</em></li><li>Kazakh:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83">&#1089;&#1091;</a>&nbsp;[su]</li><li>Khmer: &#6047;&#6070;&#6035;,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80">&#6016;&#6070;&#6035;</a>&nbsp;[<span style="color:rgb(95, 99, 104)">san, kan</span>]</li><li>Chinese:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4">&#27700;</a>&nbsp;[&#642;uei]</li><li>Kyrgyz:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83%D1%83">cyy</a>&nbsp;[suu]</li><li>Skolt S&aacute;mi:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C4%8D%C3%A4%C3%A4%CA%B9cc?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">&#269;&auml;&auml;&#697;cc</a></li><li>Komi:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B0">&#1074;&#1072;</a>&nbsp;[va]</li><li>Congo:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/maza">maza</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/masa">masa</a></li><li>Korean:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC">&#47932;</a>&nbsp;[mul]</li><li>Cornish:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/dowr">dowr&nbsp;</a><em>m.</em></li><li>Corsican:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/acqua">acqua</a></li><li>Kosrae:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/kof">kof</a>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/sroano?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">sroano</a></li><li>Greek:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C">&nu;&epsilon;&rho;&omicron;&nbsp;</a><em>n.&nbsp;</em>[nero]</li><li>crim Tatar:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/suv">SUV</a></li><li>Croatian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/voda">voda&nbsp;</a><em>f&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>Kurdish:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/av">av</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/aw?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">aw</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ab">ab</a></li><li>Kven:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesi">vesi</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>Welsh:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/dwfr?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">dwfr&nbsp;</a><em>m.</em></li><li>Lakota:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/mni">mni</a></li><li>Latin:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/aqua">aqua&nbsp;</a><em>f.</em>,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/aqva?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">aqva&nbsp;</a><em>f.</em></li><li>Latvian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C5%ABdens">&#363;dens&nbsp;</a><em>m. (Oden, Odin)</em></li><li>Lithuanian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vanduo">vanduo&nbsp;</a><em>m.</em></li><li><span style="color:rgb(31, 31, 31)">liivi</span>:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ve%C5%BE">v</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ve&#382;" target="_blank">ez</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>Lingala:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/mayi?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">mayi</a></li><li>livvi:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vezi">vezi</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>Lojban:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/djacu">djacu</a></li><li>Luxembourg:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/Waasser">Water&nbsp;</a><em>n.&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wates)</span></li><li>lyydi:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ve%C5%BEi">ve&#382;i</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>Malagasy:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/rano">rano</a></li><li>Malay:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/air">air</a></li><li>Malayalam:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">&#3370;&#3375;&#3384;&#3405;</a></li><li>Malta:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ilma">air&nbsp;</a><em>m.</em></li><li>mangareva:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>Mansi:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%23Mansi">&#1074;&#1080;&#1090;</a>&nbsp;(&nbsp;vit&nbsp;)&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li></ul><ul><li>Maori:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/wai">wai</a></li><li>Mari:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D3%B1%D0%B4">&#1074;&#1265;&#1076;</a>&nbsp;[w&uuml;d]&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>Wodin, Wudin)</span></li><li>marshal:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%C4%81n?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">d&#257;n</a></li><li>Me&auml;nkieli:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesi">vesi</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>moksha:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C">you know</a>&nbsp;[you know]</li><li>Old English:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/w%C3%A6ter?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">w&aelig;ter&nbsp;</a><em>n.&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wates)</span></li><li>Ancient Greek:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%8D%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%81?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">&#973;&delta;&omega;&rho;</a>&nbsp;[h&yacute;d&#333;r]</li><li>Nahuatl:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/atl">atl</a></li><li>laughter:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ebok">ebok</a></li><li>Nenets:&nbsp;<a href="https://fi-wiktionary-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%D0%B8%CB%AE?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1%23Nenetsi&amp;action=edit&amp;preload=Malline:artikkelipohja/k%C3%A4%C3%A4nn%C3%B6s/*/Substantiivi/yleinen&amp;preloadparams[]=Nenetsi&amp;preloadparams[]=Substantiivi&amp;preloadparams[]=yrk&amp;preloadparams[]=vesi&amp;preloadparams[]=&amp;preloadparams[]=vesi&amp;preloadparams[]=&amp;preloadparams[]=&amp;preloadparams[]=H%E2%82%82O&amp;summary=">&#1080;&#750;</a></li><li>niue:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>Norwegian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vann">vann</a></li><li>Norwegian (nynorsk):&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vatn">vatn</a></li><li>norn:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/watertraa?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">watertraa</a></li><li>sleepyhead:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>Ojibwa:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/nibi">nibi</a></li><li>Occitan:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/aiga">aiga</a></li><li>Piitimen S&aacute;mi:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/tjaahtsie?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">tjaahtsie</a></li><li>Persian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">&#1570;&#1576;</a></li><li>Northern Sami:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C4%8D%C3%A1hci">&#269;&aacute;hci</a></li><li>ponape:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/pihl?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">pihl</a></li><li>Portuguese:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A1gua">agua&nbsp;</a><em>f</em></li><li>book:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/yua?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">yua</a></li><li>Polish:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/woda">woda&nbsp;</a><em>f&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>French:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/eau">eau&nbsp;</a><em>f</em></li><li>Rapanui:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/bai">bai</a></li><li>Rarotonga:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>Romansh:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/aua">aua</a></li><li>Rohingya:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/fan%C3%AD%23Rohinga">fan&iacute;</a></li><li>Romanian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ap%C4%83">ap&#259;&nbsp;</a><em>f</em></li><li>Rwanda:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/amazi">Amazi</a></li><li>Swedish:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vatten">vatten</a></li><li>German:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wasser">Wasser&nbsp;</a><em>n.</em></li><li>Samoan:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>Sanskrit:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ud%C3%A1n?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">ud&#257;n</a></li><li>Serbian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/voda">voda</a>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0">&#1074;&#1086;&#1076;&#1072;&nbsp;</a><em>f.&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>Serbo-Croatian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/voda">Voda</a>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0">&#1074;&#1086;&#1076;&#1072;&nbsp;</a><em>f.</em></li><li>Sicily:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/acqua">water</a>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>Wates)</span></li><li>Scots:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/uisge">uisge</a>&nbsp;(Wesi)</li><li>Slovak:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/voda">voda&nbsp;</a><em>f&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>Slovenian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/voda">voda&nbsp;</a><em>f&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>Somali:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/biyo">biyo</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/waraabin?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">waraabin</a></li><li>Sundanese:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/cai?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">cai</a></li><li>Swahili:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/maji">maji</a></li><li>Tagalog:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/tubig">tubig</a></li><li>Tahitian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/pape">pape</a></li><li>Tamil:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">&#2980;&#2985;&#3021;&#2993;&#3007;&#2992;&#3009;</a></li><li>Danish:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vand">vand</a></li><li>Tatar:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D1%81%D1%83">&#1089;&#1091;</a>&nbsp;[su],&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/su">su</a></li><li>Thai:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3">&#3609;&#3634;&#3609;</a>&nbsp;[n&acirc;m]</li><li>tok pisin:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/wara">wara</a></li><li>Tokelau:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>of course pona:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/telo">telo</a></li><li>Tonga:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>Tongareva:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>Chamorro:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/agua">agua</a></li><li>Czech:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/voda">voda&nbsp;</a><em>f&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>tuamotu:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>tupinamb&aacute;:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%27y?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">'y</a></li><li>Turkish:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/su">su</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ab">ab&nbsp;</a><em>old</em></li><li>Tuvalu:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vai">or</a></li><li>Udmurt:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D1%83">&#1074;&#1091;</a>&nbsp;[vu]</li><li>Ukrainian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0">&#1074;&#1086;&#1076;&#1072;&nbsp;</a><em>f.</em>&nbsp;[voda]&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>Hungarian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%ADz">v&iacute;z</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>Uzbek:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/suv">SUV</a></li><li>Belarusian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0">&#1074;&#1072;&#1076;&#1072;</a>&nbsp;[vada]</li><li>wanukaka:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/wei?action%3Dedit%26redlink%3D1">Wei</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>vatja:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesi">vesi</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>watubela:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/al">al</a></li><li>Russian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%23Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4">&#1074;&#1086;&#1076;&#1072;&#769;</a>&nbsp;(&nbsp;vod&aacute;&nbsp;)&nbsp;<em>f.&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>Vepsian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vezi">vezi</a></li><li>Vietnamese:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc">n&#432;&#7899;c</a></li><li>Estonian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesi">vesi</a>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>Volap&uuml;k:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vat">vat</a></li><li>Wolof:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/ndox">ndox</a></li><li>v&otilde;ro:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/vesi">vesi</a>&nbsp;<span>&nbsp;</span><span>(</span><span>goth)</span></li><li>Shanghai Chinese:<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4">&#27700;</a>[s]</li><li>Upper Sorbian:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/woda%23Yl%C3%A4sorbi">woda&nbsp;</a><em>f.&nbsp;</em><span>(</span><span>Wodanas)</span></li><li>Zulu:&nbsp;<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=fi&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=fi&amp;client=webapp&amp;u=https://fi.wiktionary.org/wiki/amanzi">amanzi</a></li></ul></div>  <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;"><strong>Wed/Wod*r</strong><br /><br />Wodr - the Proto Indo-European word for water, it is the main stem for <u>water</u> in many of the Indo-European languages around the world today. It is one of the more active roots for water too, hence it appears in many language either linked to, or to directly mean "water" or &ldquo;wave&rdquo;. With this word alone you could make a case for Woden as a water God, as Wodr in its locative case becomes Wodn and in its genitive case becomes Wedns (Wends, Venet). We only have to look at the word for the middle of the week in English WEDNESday to see a connection with the latter. This of course is a very old word for water and in the Proto-Germanic the D often switches value to a T, which interestingly is how modern Germans pronounce Woden as Wotan. This for me only adds to the case and just means that <u><strong>Woden is a very old Water Deity</strong></u> that combines <u><strong>nordic mythology of the goths or geats to Finnish *Vesi and *Vene tribes (fin. Vene = Boat). Finnish king Wate or Wade means water like all the names of Odin.&nbsp;</strong></u></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/1466-gothia-lappi-donnus-nikolaus-germanus_orig.jpeg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Etymology lost: The trails of Finnish and Finno-ugric languages: God]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/etymology-lost-the-trails-of-finnish-and-finno-ugric-languages-god]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/etymology-lost-the-trails-of-finnish-and-finno-ugric-languages-god#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Wed, 26 Jun 2024 17:28:50 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/etymology-lost-the-trails-of-finnish-and-finno-ugric-languages-god</guid><description><![CDATA[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Shaddai GOD&#8203;&nbsp;Lycian language from the Anatolian branch of Indo-European languages has a word "ziw" meaning "God", which is exactly the same as a Lower Sorbian word "&#378;iw" meaning "miracle, wonder". Similar to those two is also an Old High German word "Ziu" meaning "God". Upper Sorbian "d&#378;iw" and Polish "dziw" might be good candidates for missing initial "D" in those words.Was it Zeus then or rather Dzeus...Did someone want to associate Dzeus w [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Shaddai' target='_blank'><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/published/n-ytt-kuva-2024-06-29-kello-20-05-39.png?1719680830" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:1px;padding:6px; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorderBlack wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Shaddai</span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><font color="#2a2a2a"><strong>GOD</strong><br /><br />&#8203;</font><font color="#2a2a2a">&nbsp;Lycian language from the Anatolian branch of Indo-European languages has a word "ziw" meaning "God", which is exactly the same as a Lower Sorbian word "&#378;iw" meaning "miracle, wonder". Similar to those two is also an Old High German word "Ziu" meaning "God". Upper Sorbian "d&#378;iw" and Polish "dziw" might be good candidates for missing initial "D" in those words.</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Was it Zeus then or rather Dzeus...Did someone want to associate Dzeus with jews?</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">This god's name in the nominative form is &Zeta;&epsilon;&#973;&sigmaf; (Ze&uacute;s). It is inflected as follows:</font><ul><li><font color="#2a2a2a">genitive: &Delta;&iota;&#972;&sigmaf; (Di&oacute;s)</font></li><li><font color="#2a2a2a">dative: &Delta;&iota;&#943; (Di&iacute;)</font></li><li><font color="#2a2a2a">accusative: &Delta;&#943;&alpha; (D&iacute;a)</font></li><li><font color="#2a2a2a">vocative: &Zeta;&epsilon;&#8166; (Ze&ucirc;)</font></li></ul> <font color="#2a2a2a">The earliest attested forms of this name are the Mycenaean Greek "di-we" and "di-wo", written in the Linear B syllabic script.</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Germans are often pronouncing English "The" as "Ze", no wonder then that "T&#299;w" or "D&#299;w" became "Ziu" in their language.</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">This word is also a good proof that in the past V = U = W = &#364;.</font><br /><br /><span style="color:rgb(77, 81, 86)">The t-rune &#5839; is named after 'T&yacute;r',&nbsp;and was identified with this god. <u>The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name</u> is *T&icirc;waz or *Teiwaz. </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiwaz_(rune)">Tiwaz</a>&nbsp;<font color="#4d5156">rune was an ideographic symbol for a spear or was&nbsp;it actually pointing in the Finnish sky </font><strong style="color:rgb(77, 81, 86)">Taivas or&nbsp;</strong><font color="#4d5156"><span><strong>Taiwas</strong></span>?</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">The "<strong>taivaz, taivas, taiwas</strong>" word in Finnic languages meaning "sky" comes most certainly from the times of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.indo-european-connection.com/science/corded-ware-culture">Corded Ware Culture</a>. Vedic Sanskrit "&#2342;&#2375;&#2357; (daiv&aacute;)" meaning "heavenly, divine" is proving that because it originated in </font><a href="https://www.eupedia.com/genetics/andronovo_culture.shtml">Andronovo</a><font color="#2a2a2a">&nbsp;&amp; Sintashta Culture that through Fatyanovo-Balanovo Culture derives itself from the Corded Ware Culture. People who were genetic Finns.&nbsp;<br /><br />Even the word&nbsp;</font><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/r&uacute;n" target="_blank">rune</a><font color="#2a2a2a">&nbsp;comes from Finnish word runo. Runo means in Finnish poem.</font><br /><br /><span style="color:rgb(5, 5, 5)">&rdquo; MyTrueAncestry. com to compare the genomes of the Andronovo people with those of modern Europeans showed that the closest match in term of genetic distance were the Finns. No other modern European population could be said to be ethnically similar.&rdquo;<br /></span></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/published/n-ytt-kuva-2024-06-29-kello-21-28-23.png?1719685778" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><span style="color:rgb(5, 5, 5)">Tiwaz&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)">was the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luwian">Luwian</a><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)">&nbsp;</span><span>Sun-god</span><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)">. He was among the most important gods of the Luwians. His wife was sun goddess&nbsp;</span><font color="#202122">Arinna.&nbsp;</font><br /><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiwaz_(Luwian_deity)">Tiwaz</a><font color="#202122">&nbsp;= Taiwaz (proto-fin. sky)<br />Luwia = Luvia (Municipality in Finland)</font><br /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_goddess_of_Arinna">Arinna</a><font color="#202122">&nbsp;= Aurinko (fin. sun)</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Irish "d&iacute;a" could then mean either "God" or "day". It gave rise to modern Irish "dia" and "D&eacute;", notice that Greek "&Delta;&#943;&alpha;&sigmaf; (D&iacute;as)" is also another name for Zeus. Gujarati "&#2726;&#2751;&#2741;&#2744; (divas)" and Marathi "&#2342;&#2367;&#2357;&#2360; (divas)" also mean "day", Old Armenian "&#1407;&#1387;&#1410; (tiw)" means "daytime", which also suggests that&nbsp;<strong>Tiw (Div) was a God of daylight sky</strong>.</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Church Slavonic "&#1076;&#1100;&#1085;&#1100; &#11316;&#11344;&#11328;&#11344; (d&#301;n&#301;)" meaning "day" is a cognate to Sanskrit "&#2342;&#2367;&#2344; (din&aacute;)", Latin "di&#275;s", Lithuanian "diena", Old Prussian "deina", all meaning "day".</font></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:229px;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/published/n-ytt-kuva-2024-06-29-kello-19-32-37.png?1719680312" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><font color="#2a2a2a">This is important because of the probable relation to the god called Dionysus. Later variants of his name include Di&#333;n&#363;sos in Boeotia,&nbsp;<strong>Dien(n)&#363;sos</strong>&nbsp;in Thessaly, Deon&#363;sos and Deun&#363;sos in Ionia, and&nbsp;<strong>Dinn&#363;sos</strong>&nbsp;in Aeolia. A Dio- prefix is found in other names, such as that of the Dioscures, and may derive from Dios, the genitive of the name of Zeus. The second element -n&#363;sos is associated with Mount Nysa, the birthplace of Zeus in Greek mythology, where he was nursed by nymphs (the Nysiads), but according to Pherecydes of Syros, n&#361;sa was an archaic word for a tree.</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">There is a river and town in Poland called Nysa (also Nisa, Nissa, Neise). Dionysos, as he was god of love,</font><span style="color:rgb(95, 99, 104); font-weight:bold">&nbsp;wine, ecstacy</span><span>&nbsp;<font color="#2a2a2a">and fertility, the Finnish word nis&auml; "breast" or nys&auml; "small or tiny" goes quite nicly as "taivaanis&auml;" in Finnish means "father of heavens" (god) and the double meaning "taivaan nis&auml;" - breast of the heaven.</font></span><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">DEV- DEU- ZEU-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Sanskrit:&nbsp;<strong>&#2342;&#2375;&#2357; (dev&aacute;)</strong></font><ul><li><font color="#2a2a2a">deity, god, the gods as the heavenly or shining ones, often reckoned as numbering 33, either 11 for each of the 3 worlds or 8 vasus, 11 rudras, and 12 &#257;dityas, to which the 2 a&#347;vins must be added.</font></li><li><font color="#2a2a2a">rarely also of evil demons</font></li><li><font color="#2a2a2a">name of Indra as the god of the sky and giver of rain</font></li><li><font color="#2a2a2a">the image of a god, an idol</font></li><li><font color="#2a2a2a">a god on earth or among men, either Brahman, priest or king, prince, as a title of honour, especially in the vocative "your majesty" or " your honour"</font></li><li><font color="#2a2a2a">Name of the number 33</font></li></ul><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Malay:&nbsp;<strong>dewa</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Tamil:&nbsp;<strong>&#2980;&#3015;&#2997;&#2985;&#3021; (t&#275;va&#7753;)</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Telugu:&nbsp;<strong>d&#275;vu&#7693;u</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Laconian Greek:<strong>&Delta;&epsilon;&#973;&sigmaf; (De&uacute;s)</strong>&nbsp;("Zeus")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Latin:&nbsp;<strong>deus</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Galician:&nbsp;<strong>deus</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Portuguese:&nbsp;<strong>deus</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Jatvingain:&nbsp;<strong>deus</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Volscian:&nbsp;<strong>deue</strong>&nbsp;(dat.sg.)</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Catalan:&nbsp;<strong>d&eacute;u</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Sardinian:&nbsp;<strong>d&eacute;u</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Hindi:&nbsp;<strong>&#2342;&#2375;&#2357; (dev)</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Gujarati:&nbsp;<strong>&#2342;&#2375;&#2357; (deva)</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Rajasthani:&nbsp;<strong>&#2342;&#2375;&#2357; (dev)</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Cornish:&nbsp;<strong>dew</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Gaulish:&nbsp;<strong>Deuognata, teuoxtonio-, D&#275;uos, D&#275;wos, D&#275;vona</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle English:&nbsp;<strong>Tewesday</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Galician:&nbsp;<strong>Deva</strong>&nbsp;(river name)</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Avestan:&nbsp;<strong>da&#275;uua</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Georgian:&nbsp;<strong>&#4307;&#4308;&#4309;&#4312; (devi)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; English:&nbsp;<strong>daeva</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Baluchi:&nbsp;<strong>&#1583;&#1740;&#1608;&lrm; (d&ecirc;w)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Kurdish:&nbsp;<strong>d&ecirc;w</strong>&nbsp;("demon, giant, monster")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Pashto:&nbsp;<strong>&#1583;&#1744;&#1608;&lrm; (dew)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle Persian:&nbsp;<strong>d&#275;w</strong>&nbsp;("evil spirit, demon")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Armenian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1380;&#1383;&#1410; (d&#275;w)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Armenian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1380;&#1415; (dew)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Curonian:&nbsp;<strong>Deews</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">French:&nbsp;<strong>dieu</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Occitan:&nbsp;<strong>dieu</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Romansch:&nbsp;<strong>dieu</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Latvian:&nbsp;<strong>dievs</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Lithuanian:&nbsp;<strong>di&#7869;vas</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Prussian:&nbsp;<strong>d&#275;iwas, d&#275;iws</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Gothic:&nbsp;<strong>&#66372;&#66356;&#66361;&#66373;&#66371; (teiws)</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Latin:&nbsp;<strong>deiuos</strong>&nbsp;(Duenos inscription)</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Celtiberian:&nbsp;<strong>Teiuoreikis</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Oscan:&nbsp;<strong>&#66307;&#66308;&#66333;&#66309;&#66304;&#66333; (de&iacute;va&iacute;), &#66307;&#66308;&#66333;&#66309;&#66304;&#66324; (de&iacute;vas), deiuatud, deiuaid, deiuast, deiuatuns, &#66307;&#66308;&#66313;&#66309;&#66313;&#66317;&#66304;&#66313;&#66324; (deivinais)</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Venetic:&nbsp;<strong>&#66307;&#66308;&#66313;&#66309;&#66319;&#66324; (deivos)</strong>&nbsp;(acc.pl.)</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Romanian:&nbsp;<strong>zeu, z&#259;u</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Ancient Greek:&nbsp;<strong>&Zeta;&epsilon;&#973;&sigmaf; (Ze&uacute;s), &Zeta;&#942;&nu; (Z&#7703;n)</strong>&nbsp;("Zeus")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Poetic Greek:&nbsp;<strong>&Zeta;&#942;&nu; (Z&#7703;n)</strong>&nbsp;("Zeus")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Greek:&nbsp;<strong>&Zeta;&epsilon;&upsilon;&sigmaf; (Zefs)</strong>&nbsp;("Zeus")</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">DIV- TIV- ZI-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Mycenaean Greek:&nbsp;<strong>di-we, di-wo</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Lydian:&nbsp;<strong>&#67897;&#67878;&#67877;&#67891; (tifs, tivs, tiws, divs), divi-</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Latgalian:&nbsp;<strong>d&#299;vs, d&#299;ws</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Latin:&nbsp;<strong>d&#299;vus</strong>&nbsp;("god, fairy")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Friulian:&nbsp;<strong>diu</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Corsican:&nbsp;<strong>diu</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Sicilian:&nbsp;<strong>diu</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Leonese:&nbsp;<strong>dius, dious</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Mirandese:&nbsp;<strong>dius</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Oscan:&nbsp;<strong>&#66307;&#66313;&#66334;&#66309;&#66308;&#66333; (di&uacute;ve&iacute;), &#66313;&#66334;&#66309;&#66308;&#66333; (i&uacute;ve&iacute;), &#66313;&#66326;&#66309;&#66308;&#66333; (iuve&iacute;)</strong>&nbsp;("sky, day, Jupiter")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Sanskrit:&nbsp;<strong>&#2342;&#2381;&#2351;&#2369; (dy&uacute;)</strong>&nbsp;("sky, heaven")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">English:&nbsp;<strong>divine</strong>&nbsp;("godly")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Persian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1583;&#1740;&#1608;&lrm; (div)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Arabic:&nbsp;<strong>&#1583;&#1610;&#1608;&lrm; (d&iacute;yu)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; English:&nbsp;<strong>div</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Ottoman Turkish:&nbsp;<strong>&#1583;&#1740;&#1608;&lrm; (div)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Urdu:&nbsp;<strong>&#1583;&#1740;&#1608;&lrm; (d&#299;v)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Belarusian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1079;&#1110;&#769;&#1074;&#1072; (dz&iacute;va)</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Russian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1074;&#1086; (d&iacute;vo)</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Rusyn:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1074;&#1086; (d&yacute;vo)</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Ukrainian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1074;&#1086; (d&yacute;vo)</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Church Slavonic:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#1074;&#1098; (div&#365;), &#1076;&#1080;&#1074;&#1086; (divo)</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Czech:&nbsp;<strong>div</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Polish:&nbsp;<strong>dziw</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovak:&nbsp;<strong>div</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Upper Sorbian:&nbsp;<strong>d&#378;iw</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Lithuanian:&nbsp;<strong>dyvas</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Latvian:&nbsp;<strong>diva</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")<br />Finnish:&nbsp;<strong>diiva&nbsp;</strong>("celebrated and worshipped&#8203; female")<br />Lapps:&nbsp;</font><font color="#000000"><strong>div&acirc;s</strong>&nbsp;("</font><font color="#2a2a2a">stingy,&nbsp;cheap, meager</font><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">")</span><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Russian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1074;&#1085;&#1099;&#1081; (d&iacute;vnyj)</strong>&nbsp;("amazing, wondrous")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Church Slavonic:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#1074;&#1100;&#1085;&#1098; &#11316;&#11323;&#11314;&#11344;&#11328;&#11343; (div&#301;n&#365;)</strong>&nbsp;("amazing, wondrous")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Bulgarian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#1074;&#1077;&#1085; (diven)</strong>&nbsp;("amazing, wondrous")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Serbo-Croatian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#785;&#1074;&#1072;&#1085; d&#523;van</strong>&nbsp;("amazing, wondrous")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovene:&nbsp;<strong>d&iacute;ven</strong>&nbsp;("amazing, wondrous")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Czech:&nbsp;<strong>divn&yacute;</strong>&nbsp;("amazing, wondrous")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Polish:&nbsp;<strong>dziwny</strong>&nbsp;("amazing, wondrous")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovak:&nbsp;<strong>divn&yacute;</strong>&nbsp;("amazing, wondrous")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Russian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#1074;&#1080;&#769;&#1090;&#1100;&#1089;&#1103; (div&iacute;t&#697;sja)</strong>&nbsp;("to be surprised, to astonish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Ukrainian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#1074;&#1080;&#769;&#1090;&#1080;&#1089;&#1103; (dyv&yacute;tysja)</strong>&nbsp;("to be surprised, to astonish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Church Slavonic:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#1074;&#1080;&#1090;&#1080; &#1089;&#1127; &#11316;&#11323;&#11314;&#11323;&#11333;&#11323; &#11332;&#11348; (diviti s&#281;)</strong>&nbsp;("to be surprised, to astonish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Bulgarian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#1074;&#1103;&#769; &#1089;&#1077; (divj&aacute; se )</strong>&nbsp;("to be surprised, to astonish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Serbo-Croatian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1117;&#1074;&#1080;&#1090;&#1080; &#1089;&#1077;, d&iacute;viti se</strong>&nbsp;("to be surprised, to astonish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Czech:&nbsp;<strong>diviti se</strong>&nbsp;("to be surprised, to astonish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Polish:&nbsp;<strong>dziwi&#263; si&#281;</strong>&nbsp;("to be surprised, to astonish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovak:&nbsp;<strong>divi&#357; sa</strong>&nbsp;("to be surprised, to astonish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Russian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1074;&#1086; (d&iacute;vo)</strong>&nbsp;("miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Ukrainian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#769;&#1074;&#1086; (d&yacute;vo)</strong>&nbsp;("miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Church Slavonic:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#1074;&#1086; &#11316;&#11323;&#11314;&#11329; (divo)</strong>&nbsp;("miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Cyrillic:&nbsp;<strong>&#1076;&#1080;&#785;&#1074;&#1086;</strong>&nbsp;("miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Latin:&nbsp;<strong>d&#523;vo</strong>&nbsp;("miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Polish:&nbsp;<strong>dziwo</strong>&nbsp;("miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovak:&nbsp;<strong>divo</strong>&nbsp;("miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Norse:&nbsp;<strong>Tivar</strong>&nbsp;("the gods")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old English:&nbsp;<strong>T&#299;w</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">English:&nbsp;<strong>Tiw</strong><br />Finnish<strong>: tiu / tivu&nbsp;</strong>("sum&nbsp;of eggs: 20 pcs'")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Frisian:&nbsp;<strong>Tii</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Luwian:&nbsp;<strong>tiwat</strong>&nbsp;("a sun god")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Luwian:&nbsp;<strong>tiwas</strong>&nbsp;("sky")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old English:&nbsp;<strong>tiwesd&aelig;&#289;</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle English:&nbsp;<strong>Tiwesday, Tywysday</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">English:&nbsp;<strong>Tuesday</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Lower Sorbian:&nbsp;<strong>&#378;iw</strong>&nbsp;("wonder, miracle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Lycian:&nbsp;<strong>ziw</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old High German:&nbsp;<strong>Ziu</strong></font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">SIU-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Hittite:&nbsp;<strong>si-i-us, &scaron;i-i-&uacute;-u&scaron; (sius, &scaron;&#299;u&scaron;)</strong></font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">DAI- TAI- ZA-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Estonian:&nbsp;<strong>taevas</strong>&nbsp;("sky")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Finnish:&nbsp;<strong>taivas</strong>&nbsp;("sky")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Karelian:&nbsp;<strong>taivas</strong>&nbsp;("sky")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; V&otilde;ro:&nbsp;<strong>taivas</strong>&nbsp;("sky")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Livonian:&nbsp;<strong>t&#333;vaz</strong>&nbsp;("sky")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Ludian:&nbsp;<strong>taivaz</strong>&nbsp;("sky")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Veps:&nbsp;<strong>taivaz</strong>&nbsp;("sky")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Votic:&nbsp;<strong>taivaz</strong>&nbsp;("sky")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Classical Syriac:&nbsp;<strong>&#1813;&#1821;&#1816;&#1808;&lrm; (dayw&#257;)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Malayalam:&nbsp;<strong>&#3366;&#3400;&#3381;&#3330; (daiva&#7747;)</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Sanskrit:&nbsp;<strong>&#2342;&#2375;&#2357; (daiv&aacute;)</strong>&nbsp;("heavenly, divine, also said of terrestrial things of high excellence")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Persian:&nbsp;<strong>&#66477;&#66465;&#66490; (daiva)</strong>&nbsp;("demon, spirit")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Dalmatian:&nbsp;<strong>dai, di</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Northern Kurdish:&nbsp;<strong>zav (z&#257;v)</strong>&nbsp;("Mercury planet")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Central Kurdish:&nbsp;<strong>&#1586;&#1575;&#1608;&#1749;&lrm; (z&#257;wa)</strong>&nbsp;("Mercury planet")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Persian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1586;&#1575;&#1608;&#1588;&lrm; (z&#257;vo&scaron;)</strong>&nbsp;("Jupiter planet or Mercury planet")</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">DU- TY-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Cornish:&nbsp;<strong>duy</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Welsh:&nbsp;<strong>duiu</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Welsh:&nbsp;<strong>duw</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Norse:&nbsp;<strong>T&yacute;r</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Icelandic:&nbsp;<strong>T&yacute;r</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Faroese:&nbsp;<strong>T&yacute;rur</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Norwegian:&nbsp;<strong>Ty</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Swedish:&nbsp;<strong>Tyr</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Danish:&nbsp;<strong>Tyr, Ty, Ti</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">English:&nbsp;<strong>Tyr</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Norse:&nbsp;<strong>t&yacute;sdagr</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Icelandic:&nbsp;<strong>t&yacute;sdagur (archaic)</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Faroese:&nbsp;<strong>t&yacute;sdagur</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Norwegian Nynorsk:&nbsp;<strong>tysdag</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Scots:&nbsp;<strong>Tysday</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Yola:&nbsp;<strong>Tusedei</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/published/sun-goddess-symbol.png?1719681576" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption">Sun goddess symbol (ancient)</span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><font color="#2a2a2a">TI- ZI-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Finnish:&nbsp;<strong>tiistai</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday") (tissi - breast)</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Palaic:&nbsp;<strong>tiyaz, tiuna</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">West Frisian:&nbsp;<strong>tiisdei</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Norwegian Bokm&aring;l:&nbsp;<strong>tirsdag</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Danish:&nbsp;<strong>tisdagh</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Danish:&nbsp;<strong>tirsdag, tisdag</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Swedish:&nbsp;<strong>tisdagher</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Swedish:&nbsp;<strong>tisdag</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle English:&nbsp;<strong>Tisday</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle High German:&nbsp;<strong>z&#299;stac</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Alemannic German:&nbsp;<strong>zischtag, zischtog, zischt&agrave;g, Ziischtig, Zischtig, Zischdi</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Swabian:&nbsp;<strong>Zischtig</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">TIE- TEI- ZIE- ZEI-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Frisian:&nbsp;<strong>t&#299;esdei</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">North Frisian:&nbsp;<strong>teisdai</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Saterland Frisian:&nbsp;<strong>T&auml;isdai</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Gutnish:&nbsp;<strong>teisdagar, teisdag</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Alemannic German:&nbsp;<strong>z&eacute;ischtag</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle High German:&nbsp;<strong>z&#299;estac</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">German:&nbsp;<strong>Ziestag</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Swabian:&nbsp;<strong>Zeischdig</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">DEO-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Istriot:&nbsp;<strong>deo</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Ido:&nbsp;<strong>deo</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Celtiberian:&nbsp;<strong>Deobriga</strong></font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">TAN- ZAN-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Cretan Greek:&nbsp;<strong>&Tau;&#940;&nu; (T&aacute;n)</strong>&nbsp;("Zeus")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Doric Greek:&nbsp;<strong>&Zeta;&#940;&nu; (Z&aacute;n)</strong>&nbsp;("Zeus")</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">DIA-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Irish:&nbsp;<strong>d&iacute;a</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Irish:&nbsp;<strong>dia, Dia, D&eacute;</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Manx:&nbsp;<strong>jee</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Scottish Gaelic:&nbsp;<strong>dia</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Greek:&nbsp;<strong>&Delta;&#943;&alpha;&sigmaf; (D&iacute;as)</strong>&nbsp;("Zeus")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Sanskrit:&nbsp;<strong>&#2342;&#2381;&#2351;&#2380;&#2359;&#2381;&#2346;&#2367;&#2340;&#2371; (dy&aacute;u&#7779;-pit&#7771;&#769;)</strong>&nbsp;("Sky Father")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Avestan:&nbsp;<strong>dyao&scaron;</strong>&nbsp;("sky's, heaven's")</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">DIO</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Latin:&nbsp;<strong>diovos, diovei</strong>&nbsp;("day, sky, Jupiter")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Franco-Proven&ccedil;al:&nbsp;<strong>di&ocirc;</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Italian:&nbsp;<strong>dio</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Venetian:&nbsp;<strong>dio</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Neapolitan:&nbsp;<strong>dd&igrave;o</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Aragonese:&nbsp;<strong>dios</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Asturian:&nbsp;<strong>dios</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Extremaduran:&nbsp;<strong>dios</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Spanish:&nbsp;<strong>dios</strong></font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">ZIO-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Old High German:&nbsp;<strong>z&#299;ostag</strong>&nbsp;("Tuesday")</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">DO-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Breton:&nbsp;<strong>-doi</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle Breton:&nbsp;<strong>doe</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Breton:&nbsp;<strong>doue</strong></font></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div class="wsite-adsense">               </div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Etymology Lost - the trails of Finnish and Finno-ugric languages: Kara]]></title><link><![CDATA[http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/etymology-lost-the-trails-of-finnish-and-finno-ugric-languages-kara]]></link><comments><![CDATA[http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/etymology-lost-the-trails-of-finnish-and-finno-ugric-languages-kara#comments]]></comments><pubDate>Wed, 26 Jun 2024 12:42:19 GMT</pubDate><category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category><guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/etymology-lost/etymology-lost-the-trails-of-finnish-and-finno-ugric-languages-kara</guid><description><![CDATA[ KARAIndo-European word "kara" denotes a "punishment" and in general "war" or an "army" (like Lithuanian "karas").In Finnish word "karas,&nbsp;karahka". A lopped branch (semi-dry) spruce or coniferus branch tree, used as&nbsp;wooden&nbsp;whip to punish a bad behavior, but also word *karju 'breeding bull', 'breeding&nbsp;boar' and *karjua&nbsp;'shout with a loud voice, roar, bray, yell &nbsp;~ &nbsp; 'shout loudly, roar'.&nbsp;The Celts were famous for their chariots and modern English words like [...] ]]></description><content:encoded><![CDATA[<span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/n-ytt-kuva-2024-06-26-kello-16-45-57_orig.png" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><strong><font color="#2a2a2a">KARA</font></strong><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Indo-European word "kara" denotes a "punishment" and in general "war" or an "army" (like Lithuanian "karas").</font><br />I<span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">n Finnish word "</span><a href="https://kaino.kotus.fi/ses/?p=qs-article&amp;etym_id=ETYM_10c15a41094124737263dd77ac96dcb5&amp;list_id=1&amp;keyword=karas&amp;word=karas">karas</a><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://kaino.kotus.fi/ses/?p=qs-article&amp;etym_id=ETYM_c291d1d82da5594db0a41909b9ade944&amp;list_id=1&amp;keyword=karahka&amp;word=karahka">karahka</a><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">". A </span>lopped branch (semi-dry) spruce or coniferus branch tree, <u>used as&nbsp;<span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">wooden&nbsp;</span>whip to punish a bad behavior</u>, but also word *karju 'breeding bull', 'breeding&nbsp;boar' and *<a href="https://kaino.kotus.fi/ses/?p=qs-article&amp;etym_id=ETYM_84b4dbddbecfe59d3941e3e1049c742a&amp;word=karjua&amp;list_id=2&amp;keyword=karju">karjua</a>&nbsp;'shout with a loud voice, roar, bray, yell &nbsp;~ &nbsp; 'shout loudly, roar'<font color="#2a2a2a">.&nbsp;</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">The Celts were famous for their chariots and modern English words like "car", "carriage" and "carry" are ultimately derived from the native Brythonic language (Modern Welsh "cerbyd"). The word chariot itself is derived from the Norman French "charriote" and shares a Celtic root (Gaulish "karros"). All this denotes to the etymology of a car meaning simply "the vehicle of war". In Finnish language </font><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">chariot</span><font color="#2a2a2a"> is called k&auml;rry or in Old Finnish c<span>&auml;rry.</span></font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">In Norse mythology there was a Valkyrie named Kara.</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a"><strong>KAR&nbsp;</strong>----&gt;&nbsp;</font><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">Finnish: </span><strong><a href="https://kaino.kotus.fi/ses/?p=qs-article&amp;etym_id=ETYM_b63d4677f8c5e64bc04beb54b3c93bc7&amp;list_id=1&amp;keyword=kara&amp;word=kara">Kara</a></strong><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)"><strong>&nbsp;</strong>- ("1. woden stick, 2.&nbsp;</span><a href="https://termipankki.fi/tepa/fi/haku/kara">mandrel</a><span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 36)">, </span>a shaft or spindle in a lathe, to which work is fixed while being turned <span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">---&gt;</span> a cylindrical rod around which metal or other material is forged or shaped. 3. Penis<span style="color:rgb(32, 33, 36)">"</span><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">)</span><br /><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">---&gt; </span><font color="#2a2a2a">Estonian:&nbsp;<strong>kari</strong>&nbsp;("herd, flock")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Finnish:&nbsp;<strong>karja</strong>&nbsp;("cattle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Votic:&nbsp;<strong>karja</strong>&nbsp;("pasture")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Lithuanian:&nbsp;<strong>karas</strong>&nbsp;("war")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Latvian:&nbsp;<strong>kar&scaron;</strong>&nbsp;("war")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Prussian:&nbsp;<strong>kargis (karjis)</strong>&nbsp;("army, troops")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Prussian:&nbsp;<strong>karyago</strong>&nbsp;("war path") </font><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">---&gt;</span><font color="#2a2a2a">&nbsp;Koryos?</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Persian:&nbsp;<strong>&#66492;&#66466; (k&#257;ra)</strong>&nbsp;("people of war, army")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Belarusian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#769;&#1088;&#1072; (k&aacute;ra)</strong>&nbsp;("punishment")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Russian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#769;&#1088;&#1072; (k&aacute;ra)</strong>&nbsp;("punishment")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Ukrainian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#769;&#1088;&#1072; (k&aacute;ra)</strong>&nbsp;("punishment")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Church Slavonic:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#1088;&#1072; (kara)</strong>&nbsp;("punishment")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Serbo-Croatian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#785;&#1088;, kar</strong>&nbsp;("punishment")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovene:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#785;r</strong>&nbsp;("punishment")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Czech:&nbsp;<strong>k&aacute;ra</strong>&nbsp;("punishment")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Polish:&nbsp;<strong>kara</strong>&nbsp;("punishment")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovak:&nbsp;<strong>k&aacute;ra</strong>&nbsp;("punishment")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Kalasha-ala (Nuristani):&nbsp;<strong>kara</strong>&nbsp;("blood vengeance")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Persian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1705;&#1575;&#1585;&#1586;&#1575;&#1585;&lrm; (k&#257;rz&#257;r)</strong>&nbsp;("field of battle, battle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Sogdian:&nbsp;<strong>aksas-karkia</strong>&nbsp;("fighting")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Sogdian:&nbsp;<strong>aksaskarii</strong>&nbsp;("soldier")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle Persian:&nbsp;<strong>k&#257;rz&#257;r</strong>&nbsp;("battle")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Parthian:&nbsp;<strong>k&#702;rw&#702;n&lrm; (k&#257;rw&#257;n)</strong>&nbsp;("army on the march, army")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Belarusian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#1088;&#1072;&#769;&#1094;&#1100; (kar&aacute;c&#697;)</strong>&nbsp;("to punish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Russian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080; (karati)</strong>&nbsp;("to punish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Ukrainian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#1088;&#1072;&#769;&#1090;&#1080; (kar&aacute;ty)</strong>&nbsp;("to punish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Bulgarian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#769;&#1088;&#1072;&#1084; (k&aacute;ram)</strong>&nbsp;("to scold, to quarrel")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Macedonian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#1088;&#1072; (kara)&nbsp;</strong>("to scold")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Serbo-Croatian:&nbsp;<strong>&#1082;&#1072;&#769;&#1088;&#1072;&#1090;&#1080;, k&aacute;rati</strong>&nbsp;("to scold, to punish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Chakavian (Orbani&#263;i):&nbsp;<strong>se k&#257;r&#513;t</strong>&nbsp;("to quarrel")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovene:&nbsp;<strong>k&aacute;rati</strong>&nbsp;("to scold; to nick")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Czech:&nbsp;<strong>k&aacute;rat</strong>&nbsp;("to scold, to reproach, to punish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Polish:&nbsp;<strong>kara&#263;</strong>&nbsp;("to punish, to reproach")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovak:&nbsp;<strong>k&aacute;ra&#357;</strong>&nbsp;("to reproach, to punish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Slovincian:&nbsp;<strong>k&atilde;r&#259;c</strong>&nbsp;("to punish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Lower Sorbian:&nbsp;<strong>kara&#347;</strong>&nbsp;("to whip, to punish")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Latin:&nbsp;<strong>carin&#257;re</strong>&nbsp;("to use abusive language")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Lithuanian:&nbsp;<strong>k&aacute;irinti</strong>&nbsp;("to provoke")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Latvian:&nbsp;<strong>ka&#297;rin&acirc;t, karin&acirc;t</strong>&nbsp;("to tease, to irritate")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle Breton:&nbsp;<strong>carez</strong>&nbsp;("mistake, sin")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Cornish:&nbsp;<strong>cara</strong>&nbsp;("mistake, sin")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Welsh:&nbsp;<strong>cared</strong>&nbsp;("mistake, sin")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle Welsh:&nbsp;<strong>cared, karet</strong>&nbsp;("mistake, sin")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Welsh:&nbsp;<strong>caredd</strong>&nbsp;("mistake, sin")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Irish:&nbsp;<strong>caire</strong>&nbsp;("mistake, sin")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Jatvingian:&nbsp;<strong>karo</strong>&nbsp;("fight")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Hittite:&nbsp;<strong>ERINME&Scaron;</strong>&nbsp;("army") (Sumerogram; Hittie "kara&scaron;" is some wrong linguistic forgery, literally meaning "wheat")<br /><br />&#8203;</font><strong><font size="3">Ancient Greek</font></strong><br /><br />&kappa;&#940;&rho;&eta; (k&aacute;r&#275;) &mdash; Homeric, Ionic<br /><br />Etymology<br /><br />From Proto-Hellenic *k&aacute;rah&#601;, from Proto-Indo-European *&#7729;r&#805;h&#8322;-(e)s-n- (&ldquo;top of the head/skull&rdquo;), from the root *&#7729;erh&#8322;- (&ldquo;head, horn, top&rdquo;).<br /><br />Pronunciation<br />more &#9660;&nbsp;<br />IPA(key): /k&aacute;.ra&#720;/ &rarr; /&#712;ka.ra/ &rarr; /&#712;ka.ra/<br />Noun<br />&kappa;&#8112;&#769;&rho;&#8113; &bull; (k&aacute;r&#257;) n (genitive &kappa;&#8112;&#769;&rho;&#8113;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;); third declension<br /><br />1) head, face<br />2) the head or top of anything, as of a mountain<br />3) person<br /><br />Later authors have dative &kappa;&#940;&rho;&#8115; (k&aacute;r&#257;i), accusative &kappa;&#940;&rho;&#8113;&nu; (k&aacute;r&#257;n).<br /><br />See Finnish&nbsp;<a href="https://kaino.kotus.fi/ses/?p=qs-article&amp;etym_id=ETYM_eee3caa57612e9ec46372ad90f1fa322&amp;list_id=1&amp;keyword=k%C3%A4re%C3%A4&amp;word=k%C3%A4re%C3%A4">k&auml;re&auml;</a>&nbsp;(angry)<br />k&auml;he&auml; (hoarse), karhea (rough), r&auml;me&auml; (hoarse), &auml;re&auml;&nbsp;(grumpy), k&auml;rttyinen (grumpy)<br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">KAL-Kamviri (Nuristani):&nbsp;<strong>kala</strong>&nbsp;("fight")</font><br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Finnish: Kala </span><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">("fish"). Finnish:</span><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;</span><a href="https://kaino.kotus.fi/ses/?p=qs-article&amp;etym_id=ETYM_aec59dd3cc21076ed7c4ee914ff5ab58&amp;list_id=1&amp;keyword=kalaa&amp;word=kalaa">kalaa</a><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">,&nbsp;galaa&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">&nbsp;("</span>shout, rant<span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">")</span><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a"><strong>KOR</strong>-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">---&gt; Livonian:&nbsp;<strong>k&#333;&#343;a</strong>&nbsp;("herd, flock")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Ancient Greek:&nbsp;<strong>&kappa;&omicron;&#943;&rho;&alpha;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf; (ko&iacute;ranos)</strong>&nbsp;("leader, commander")</font><br />Finnish: <strong><a href="https://kaino.kotus.fi/ses/?p=qs-article&amp;etym_id=ETYM_171c3140d8f439110677bb29a848a726&amp;list_id=1&amp;keyword=kora&amp;word=kora">Kora</a></strong>&nbsp;("misery, misfortune; lack of; a force that produces bad luck")<br />Finnish:&nbsp;<strong>Koira</strong> ("dog");&nbsp;<br />Finnish:&nbsp;<strong>koria,&nbsp;<a href="https://kaino.kotus.fi/ses/?p=qs-article&amp;etym_id=ETYM_04c08f4625a2befc697cc285a253038e&amp;list_id=1&amp;keyword=korea&amp;word=korea">korea</a>, korja&nbsp;</strong><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">("</span>beautiful, fit; colorful, bright, variegated; great, excellent; proud, finicky, picky<span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">")</span><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Irish:&nbsp;<strong>coir</strong>&nbsp;("mistake, sin")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Scottish Gaelic:&nbsp;<strong>coire</strong>&nbsp;("mistake, sin")</font></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:448px;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/editor/vimosa.jpeg?1719410590" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><font color="#2a2a2a"><strong>HAR</strong> -&nbsp;Vimose Comb (circa year 160, considered the oldest datable runic inscription):&nbsp;<strong>&#5818;&#5800;&#5809;&#5827;&#5800; (</strong></font><strong><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%9A%BA%E1%9A%A8%E1%9A%B1%E1%9B%83%E1%9A%A8#Proto-Norse">harja</a>)</strong><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Gothic:&nbsp;<strong>&#66359;&#66352;&#66370;&#66366;&#66361;&#66371; (harjis)</strong>&nbsp;("army")</font><ul style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><li>Vandalic:&nbsp;<span><strong><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Vandalic/haris">*haris</a></strong>&nbsp;</span><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">("army")</span></li></ul> <font color="#2a2a2a">Finnish: <strong>Harja</strong> (comb, </font><span style="color:rgb(42, 42, 42)">brush,</span><font color="#2a2a2a">&nbsp;mane)</font><br /><br /><strong><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/herr#Old_Norse">Derived term</a></strong>:<ul style="color:rgb(32, 33, 34)"><li><strong><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/einherjar#Old_Norse">einherjar</a></span></strong>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>&ldquo;</span><span>dead warriors in Valhalla</span><span>&rdquo;</span><span>)</span></li></ul><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a"><strong>HER</strong> -&nbsp;</font><span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language">Proto-Germanic</a></span>&nbsp;<em><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harjaz">*<strong>harjaz</strong></a></em>, from&nbsp;<span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_language">Proto-Indo-European</a></span>&nbsp;<em><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ker-">*<strong>ker-</strong></a></em><strong>&nbsp;</strong><span>(</span><span>&ldquo;</span><span>war</span><span>&rdquo;</span><span>)</span>.<br /><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">Old Norse:&nbsp;</span><span><strong>herr</strong>&nbsp;</span>(<em>genitive</em>&nbsp;<strong><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/herjar#Old_Norse">herjar</a></strong>)<br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old English:&nbsp;<strong>here</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle English:&nbsp;<strong>here, heere</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Scots:&nbsp;<strong>here, heir, heyr</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">English:&nbsp;<strong>here</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Frisian:&nbsp;<strong>here, hire</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Saterland Frisian:&nbsp;<strong>Heer</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">West Frisian:&nbsp;<strong>hear</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Saxon:&nbsp;<strong>heri</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle Low German:&nbsp;<strong>h&#275;re, h&#275;r</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Dutch:&nbsp;<strong>heri</strong>&nbsp;(in placenames)</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle Dutch:&nbsp;<strong>here</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Dutch:&nbsp;<strong>heer, heir</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old High German:&nbsp;<strong>heri</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle High German:&nbsp;<strong>here, her</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">German:&nbsp;<strong>Heer</strong></font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Norse:&nbsp;<strong>herr</strong>&nbsp;("crowd, great number, army, troops")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Icelandic:&nbsp;<strong>her</strong>&nbsp;("military, army")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Faroese:&nbsp;<strong>herur</strong>&nbsp;("military, army")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Norwegian Bokm&aring;l:&nbsp;<strong>h&aelig;r</strong>&nbsp;("army")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Norwegian Nynorsk:&nbsp;<strong>her, h&aelig;r</strong>&nbsp;("army")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Old Swedish:&nbsp;<strong>h&aelig;r</strong>&nbsp;("army")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Swedish:&nbsp;<strong>h&auml;r</strong>&nbsp;("army")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Danish:&nbsp;<strong>h&aelig;r</strong>&nbsp;("army")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Westrobothnian:&nbsp;<strong>her</strong>&nbsp;("army")</font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">SER-</font><font color="#2a2a2a">--&gt; Hungarian:&nbsp;<strong>sereg</strong>&nbsp;("legion")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">--&gt; Old Turkic:&nbsp;<strong>&ccedil;erig</strong></font><br /><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">KU -&nbsp;</font><font color="#2a2a2a">Middle Irish:&nbsp;<strong>cuire</strong>&nbsp;("army, troops")</font><br /><font color="#2a2a2a">Hittite (1260 BC):&nbsp;<strong>ku-ru-ri-ah-ta /kururiahta/</strong>&nbsp;("revolted"),&nbsp;<strong>kururiyahh</strong>&nbsp;("make war, revolt")</font></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/kartta-harjavalta.gif?250" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><strong><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Harjawaldaz" target="_blank">Harjawaldaz</a></span>&nbsp;etymology&nbsp;</strong><br /><br />This comes from&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:About_Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a>&nbsp;<em><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harjaz">*harjaz</a></em>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>&ldquo;</span><span>army</span><span>&rdquo;</span><span>)</span>&nbsp;+&lrm;&nbsp;<em><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waldaz">*waldaz</a></em>&nbsp;<span>(</span><span>&ldquo;</span><span>ruler, authority</span><span>&rdquo;</span><span>)</span>.&nbsp;<br /><br />Finnish: Harjavalta ("City in Satakunta, Finland")<br />*<strong>Sata </strong>(hundred) *<strong>Kunta</strong> ("municipality")<br /><br /><strong>Here is one example of proto-germanic language and translation in Finnish and English&nbsp;language.</strong><br />&#8203;<br /><em><font size="3">"Harjawaldaz kuningaz, r&#299;kaz, w&#299;saz jah hurskaz."</font></em><br /><br />fin. <em><font size="3">Harjavalta-kuningas rikas, viisas ja hurskas.</font></em><br />eng. <em>Harjavalta king, rich, wise and pious.<br /></em></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:auto;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/editor/ragvalda-tabula-rogeriana.jpeg?250" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:1px;padding:3px; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"><strong>&#8203;From Riches to Rag</strong><br /><br />&#8203;"Three Finnish cities are mentioned by name in Tabula Rogeriana, one of which is <strong>Ragvalda</strong>. In his text, Al-Idrisi tells the distances between Ragwalda and the town of Sigtuna in Sweden and Hanila on the west coast of Estonia. In addition, he announces the journey from Ragvalda to the mouth of M&auml;laren.<br />In his more detailed description, al-Idrisi says that Ragvalda is a large and flourishing city located by the sea, belonging to the country of <strong>Tavasti</strong>. According to <strong>O. J. Tuulio</strong>, who studied the subject in the 1930s, the importance of Ragvalda as an international trading place was emphasized by the fact that the distances are indicated for foreign places instead of Finnish ones". Wikipedia<br /><br />*<strong><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rag">Rag</a></strong> means ragged but also Bristly what translates in Finnish <strong>Harjakas (with harja (mane or comb)</strong>.<br /><br /><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einherjar">Harii</a><span>&nbsp;tribe of Harjavalta was known to be the most scared tribe in northern hemisphere, and known for their attacks at night and their heathens (hiidet), Ragnar&ouml;k&nbsp;</span><a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einherjar">einherjar</a><span>, berserkers of </span><a href="https://vikings-valhalla.com/blogs/viking-history/viking-berserker">hari</a>&nbsp;<span>tribe.</span><br /><span>Hiidet were known for their habits of riding in battle with mooses and hiisi's who were draged by moose as they were </span>skiing after moose&#8203;<span>.</span><br /><br /><span>Welcome to my new blog: Etymology Lost - the trails of Finnish and Finno-ugric languages.</span></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <span class='imgPusher' style='float:left;height:0px'></span><span style='display: table;width:733px;position:relative;float:left;max-width:100%;;clear:left;margin-top:0px;*margin-top:0px'><a><img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/published/ragvaldan-kaupunki.jpeg?1719419353" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 10px; border-width:0; max-width:100%" alt="Picture" class="galleryImageBorder wsite-image" /></a><span style="display: table-caption; caption-side: bottom; font-size: 90%; margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;" class="wsite-caption"></span></span> <div class="paragraph" style="text-align:left;display:block;"></div> <hr style="width:100%;clear:both;visibility:hidden;"></hr>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/harjavalta_orig.jpeg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/hiiden-hiihto2_orig.jpeg" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div><div class="wsite-image wsite-image-border-none " style="padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;text-align:center"> <a> <img src="http://www.rehellisetuutiset.org/uploads/5/7/4/4/57442381/n-ytt-kuva-2024-06-26-kello-20-20-08_orig.png" alt="Picture" style="width:auto;max-width:100%" /> </a> <div style="display:block;font-size:90%"></div> </div></div>  <div class="wsite-adsense">               </div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>